丛枝菌根共生体中碳、氮代谢及其相互关系

丛枝菌根共生体(arbuscular mycorrhiza, AM)是丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF)与宿主植物之间形成的互惠共生形式.共生体中的碳、氮交换和代谢影响着宿主植物和共生真菌之间的营养平衡和资源重新分配,在物质和能量循环中发挥着重要作用.宿主植物光合固定的碳输送到真菌内,并且分解和释放真菌所需的生命物质和能量,包括促进孢子萌发、菌丝生长和提高氮等营养元素的吸收;而菌根真菌利用宿主植物提供的碳骨架和能量,发生氮的转化和运输,最终传递给宿主植物供其利用.本文综述了丛枝菌根共生体中碳、氮传输和代谢的主要模式,碳、氮的交互影响和调控机制,以促进丛枝菌根在可持续农业和生态系统中的应用.

Metabolism and interaction of C and N in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.

The arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is the symbiont formed by the host plant and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The transfer and metabolism of C and N in the symbiosis plays an important role in keeping nutrient balance and resource reallocation between the host plant and the fungi. The carbohydrates produced by plant photosynthesis are transferred to the fungi, where they are metabolized as materials and energy used for fungal spore germination, mycelium growth and uptake of nitrogen and other nutrients. At the same time, N is transferred and reallocated from the fungi to the host plant, where the final released ammonium is used for plant growth. Accordingly, we reviewed the current progress in C and N transfer and metabolism in the AM symbiosis, and the crosstalk between them as well as some key issues to elucidate the mechanism of the interaction between C and N transport in the symbiosis, so as to provide the theory foundation for the application of AM in sustainable agriculture and ecosystem.