北京市生态系统服务时空变化与权衡分析

了解城市生态系统服务的时空变化与权衡关系对区域可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究以北京市为对象,基于In VEST模型与RUSLE模型定量评估了北京市1984、1995、2005和2018年碳贮存、产水量与土壤保持3项生态系统服务的时空变化特征,并分析了不同生态系统服务间的权衡关系。结果表明:1984-2018年,北京市土地利用类型发生了剧烈变化,其中城镇建设用地、水体与林地面积分别增加181.7%、42.7%和10%,草地、未利用地与耕地面积分别减少63.4%、31.8%和31.6%;1984-2018年,北京市碳贮存量、产水量与土壤保持量分别增加0.06×10⁸t、10.1×10⁸m³和0.82×10⁸t;碳贮存、产水量与土壤保持服务在3个时期的生态系统服务变化指数差异较大,在空间分布上,碳贮存的亏损区与土壤保持的增益区增加最为明显;北京市碳贮存与土壤保持间存在明显的协同关系,产水量与碳贮存、产水量与土壤保持间有明显的权衡关系。

Spatiotemporal variations and trade-offs of ecosystem services in Beijing

It is important to understand the spatiotemporal variations and the trade-offs of urban ecosystem services for regional sustainable development.Based on the In VEST model and RUSLE model,we quantitatively evaluated carbon storage,water yield,and soil conservation services in Beijing in 1984,1995,2005 and 2018.Results showed that there was substantial land use change in Beijing during 1984-2018.The area of urban,water and woodland had increased by18.1.7%,42.7%and 10%,while the area of grassland,unused land and cropland had decreased by 63.4%,31.8%and 31.6%respectively.Carbon storage,water yield,and soil conservation in Beijing had increased from 1984 to 2018 by 0.06×10⁸t,10.1×10⁸m³and 0.82×10⁸t,respectively.The ecosystem services change index (ESCI) of carbon storage,water yield and soil conservation was different in the three periods.Spatially,the area with carbon storage loss and soil conservation gain had increased obviously.There was a clear synergetic relationship between carbon storage and soil conservation,whereas water yield had a clear trade-off relationship with carbon storage and soil conservation.