豫南雨养区周年不同耕作模式对小麦花后干物质动态和产量的影响

以玉米-小麦周年耕作模式为研究对象,于2006-2009年进行了连续4年的大田定位试验,设置了传统翻耕、不覆盖/不深松+覆盖/免耕、覆盖/不深松+不覆盖/免耕、不覆盖/深松+不覆盖/免耕、覆盖/深松+覆盖/免耕以及不覆盖/不深松+还田/旋耕6个模式,研究了豫南雨养区玉米-小麦周年不同耕作模式对小麦花后于物质积累转化、籽粒灌浆及产量的影响.结果表明:传统翻耕和覆盖/深松+覆盖/免耕两种模式绿叶持续时间最长,营养器官的干物质积累均比其他模式高且差异达到显著水平(P＜0.05)；营养器官花前贮藏物质的运转量也均高于其他模式,营养器官花后同化物运转量和运转率比覆盖/不深松+不覆盖/免耕模式高11.9％、11.7％,比不覆盖/不深松+还田/旋耕模式高11.6％、11.4％,均达到极显著水平(P＜0.01)；花后同化物对籽粒产量的贡献率比不覆盖/不深松+还田/旋耕和覆盖/不深松+不覆盖/免耕高8.4％、7.9％和8.8％、8.3％,均达到显著水平(P＜0.05)；产量也以这两种模式最高,达到7545.0 kg·hm-2和7480.5 kg·hm-2,比不覆盖/不深松+还田/旋耕模武分别增产14.8％和13.8％,达到极显著水平(P＜0.01).综合来看,覆盖/深松+覆盖/免耕模式具有较好的蓄永保墒和土壤培肥效果,能促使营养器官干物质积累和花后同化物向籽粒的转移,实现高产高效.

Effects of different corn/wheat year-round tillage modes on post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and transfer and grain yield of wheat in rain-fed farming area of Southern Henan Province.

A 4-year(2006-2009) field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different corn-wheat year-round tillage modes on the post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and transfer,grain-filling,and grain yield of winter wheat in a rain-fed farming area of southern Henan Province.Six modes including traditional tillage(T1) ,non-straw mulching and pre-sowing shallow plough for corn + straw mulching and non-tillage for wheat(T2) ,straw mulching and pre-sowing shallow plough for corn + non-straw-mulching and non...