不同相机布放模式在古田山兽类资源监测中的比较

2010年6月-2011年8月,利用一字型、十字型、随机型和海拔垂直型4种相机布放模式在古田山国家级自然保护区拍摄兽类独立照片(independent photograph,IP)共2551张,能识别物种的兽类IP有1240张,占整体IP的48.6%,不能识别物种的兽类(松鼠科以外的啮齿动物)IP1167张,占45.8%;无效IP144张,占5.6%。所拍能识别物种的兽类共有14种,隶属4目9科,其中黑麂(Muntiacus crinifrons)为国家Ⅰ级保护动物,鬛羚(Naemo-rhedus sumatraensis)和黑熊(Selenarctos thibetanus)为国家Ⅱ级保护动物。在种-监测日曲线当中,4种监测模式随监测日的不断延长,兽类种类大体呈现半年左右趋于稳定的规律,建议监测时间以半年为一个周期较为合适。研究发现,兽类IP和单相机拍摄率在一字型、十字型和随机型之间不存在显著差异(P>0.05),但与海拔垂直型存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。海拔垂直型由于相机分布均匀,在拍摄种类、拍摄率等各项监测指标上都显著高于其他3种模式。

Comparisons of different camera trap placement patterns in monitoring mammal resources in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve

From June 2010 to August 2011, four different camera trap placement patterns, i.e., line pattern, cross pattern, random pattern, and same elevation pattern, were adopted to monitor the mammal resources in the Gutianshan National Nature Reserve. A total of 2551 mammals independent photographs (IP) were taken, among which, 1240 were of recognized mammal IP, accounting for 48.6% of the total, 1167 were of unrecognized mammal IP, accounting for 45.8%, and 144 were of invalid IP, accounting for 5.6%. Fourteen mammal species were identified, belonging to 9 families of 4 orders. The mammals included black muntjac (Muntiacus crinifrons), the national I class protective animal in China, and serow (Naemorhedus sumatraensis) and black bear (Selenarctos thibetanus), the national I class protective animals in China. According to the curve of species-monitoring day, it was found that the number of the mammal species tended to be stable after six months monitoring, and thus, it could be more appropriate to monitor the mammal resources with six months as a cycle. As for the four different camera trap placement patterns, there were no significant differences in trapping mammals species number and trapping rate among the line pattern, cross pattern, and random pattern (P>0.05), but the three patterns had significant difference (P<0.01) with same elevation pattern. Due to its grid model, well-distributed camera, and arrangement specifications, same elevation pattern operated better than the other three patterns.