蚯蚓环境生态作用研究进展

蚯蚓的环境生态作用有促进微生物和其它土壤动物活动、破碎和消化分解枯落物、提高土壤肥力及环境指示等方面.目前,国内蚯蚓环境生态作用研究侧重于污染生态系统,湿地和森林两大天然生态系统的相关研究较少.国外,20世纪70年代的研究主题与我国现状相似,80年代从蚯蚓生理生态、种群生态、群落生态、生态系统生态等多尺度展开研究,90年代以来向蚯蚓生态学微观尺度的分子生态、宏观尺度的景观生态拓展.今后,继续研究蚯蚓促进物质循环、治理污染、提高土壤肥力及蚯蚓与农业、与微生物的关系等热点问题的同时,还应利用新技术提高研究精度,注意室内外研究相结合及特殊蚓种的环境适应性比较与接种研究以提高研究成果的实用性.

Research progress on environmental and ecological functions of earthworm

Earthworm plays an important role in promoting the activities of soil microbes and soil fauna, accelerating the fragmentation, digestion and decomposition of litters, improving soil fertility, and indicating environmental conditions. At present, its study in China is focused on polluted ecosystem rather than natural wetland and forest ecosystem. In foreign countries, the research items in 1970s were the same as our present studies, but in 1980s, the focus was on the different scales of physiological ecology, population ecology, community ecology, and ecosystem ecology. Since 1990s, the study has been widened to molecular ecology and landscape ecology. Henceforth, besides the studies mentioned before, more attention should be paid to improve the research precision by applying high-technological research methods, practicability by integrating the studies in laboratory and field, and comparing the environmental adaptability of special species of earthworms and their inoculations.