地下生态系统对生态恢复的影响

生态系统破坏与退化的加剧使生态恢复成为全球性的挑战课题,近年来生态恢复的研究已逐渐由地上向地下部分转移,地下部分对生态系统退化所起的作用、机理和过程已倍受关注。本文通过探讨恢复生态学的关键概念,从土壤、地下水循环、生物系统3个方面探讨了地下生态系统对生态恢复的作用机理和反馈机制。针对目前的研究现状,指出地下生态系统研究中存在的问题,并提出今后需要深入研究的几个方向:1)生态系统退化程度的诊断及其标准;2)基于诊断标准,针对不同退化生态系统类型选定恢复的目标植物群落,如何改善土壤性质,确定土壤性质的改善程度;确定地下水位及土壤含水量的阈值;如何有效选择、引入和接种土壤生物;3)生态系统地上和地下部分整合及恢复过程中监测指标的确定。

Effects of belowground ecosystem on ecological restoration: A review

With the accelerated degradation and destruction of ecosystems,ecological restoration has become a challenging project all over the world.More recently,belowground ecosystem research has been paid more and more attention in the ecological restoration research,with the focus on the roles,mechanisms and processes of belowground ecosystem in ecosystem degradation and destruction.By raising questions concerning the key concepts related to restoration ecology,the actions and feedback mechanisms of belowground ecosystem in ecological restoration were discussed from the aspects of soil,underground water cycle,and belowground biological system.Based on substantial literatures,the main issues in belowground ecosystem research were proposed,with the future research directions put forward:1)diagnosis and its criteria of degradation degree of ecosystems,2)selection of target plant community to be restored on degraded ecosystem and of appropriate soil parameters to evaluate the improvement degree of soil quality,and screening out of effective microbial inoculants,and 3)integration of belowground and aboveground systems to establish indicator system for monitoring restoration process.