生物操纵,营养级联反应和下行影响

理化因子和生物间的相互关系对生物群落的结构和生态系统功能的影响一直是生态学研究所关注的问题之一。在湖沼学方面，自６０年代大规模组织国际合作重点研究水体富营养化问题以来，氮、磷等植物营养物质与浮游植物和初级生产力之间的定量关系，对水质的影响的研究和一系...

On the Biomanipulation, Trophic Cascade Interactions and Top-down Forces.

This paper deals with similarities and difference of the three concepts, biomanipulation, trophic cascade interactions and top-down forces, proposed by various authors. All of them emphasize the effects of predation and the nexus of Daphnia for the control of algae populations. Biomanipulation aims to manipulating the food web to improve water quality, i.e., the reduction of algae. Trophic cascade theory seeks to explain the within- and among-lake variability in basic primary production process, Top-down and bottom-up model predicts that maximum attainable biomass is determined by(bottom-up)nutrient availabity, and realizes that biomass is determined by the combined effects of top-down and bottom-up forces. The common approaches of biomanipulation are to stock piscivorous fishes, remove the plankitivorous and benthivorous fishes etc. in order to stimulate growth of the populations of large sized herbivorous cladocerans with high efficiency. The advance in this area is also reviewed.