不同覆盖方式对黄土高原旱地土壤水分及糜子生长、光合特性和产量的影响

为探索黄土高原旱地覆盖栽培模式下糜子田土壤蓄水保墒和节水增产效果，于2011—2013年连续3个糜子生长季在陕西横山县小杂粮试验示范基地，研究了不同覆盖栽培方式对农田土壤水分、糜子生长发育、光合特性、产量及水分利用效率的影响.试验设置4种覆盖栽培处理，分别是“W”垄覆地膜+垄间覆秸秆(SG)、垄覆地膜+垄间覆秸秆(LM)、双垄面覆地膜+垄间覆秸秆(QM)、秸秆覆盖(JG)处理，以传统平作无覆盖(CK)为对照.结果表明：各覆盖处理均较CK显著提高了糜子各生育期0～100 cm土层土壤含水量，其中以SG处理蓄水保墒效果最好，其次依次为LM、QM和JG处理，且各覆盖处理间差异达到显著水平.在各覆盖处理中，SG处理对糜子生长发育和光合能力的影响最大，增产效果最显著，3年平均产量和水分利用效率分别较CK提高55.9％和64.9％，其中各覆盖处理之间差异达到显著水平.因此，“W”垄覆地膜垄间覆秸秆的二元沟垄集雨覆盖种植模式提高糜子产量和水分利用效率的效果最为明显，适宜在黄土高原旱地糜子生产中应用和推广.

Effects of mulching patterns on soil water,broomcorn millet growth,photosynthetic characteristics and yield in the dryland of Loess Plateau in China.

The objective of this study was to explore the effects of mulching patterns on soil water, growth, photosynthetic characteristics, grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of broomcorn millet in the dryland of Loess Plateau in China. In a three year field experiment from 2011 to 2013, we compared four different mulching patterns with traditional plat planting (no mulching) as the control (CK). The mulching patterns included W ridge covered with common plastic film + intredune covered with straw (SG), common ridge covered with common plastic film + intredune covered with straw (LM), double ridges covered with common plastic film + intredune covered with straw (QM), and the traditional plat planting covered with straw (JG). The results showed that the soil water storage in 0-100 cm layer was significantly higher in all mulching patterns than in CK, particularly in SG then followed by LM, QM and JG, and the differences among the mulching patterns reached a significant level at the different growth stages of broomcorn millet. Among all mulching patterns, SG had the greatest effect on the growth and photosynthesis of broomcorn millet, respectively increasing the yield and WUE by 55.9％ and 64.9％ over CK, and the differences among the mulching patterns also reached a significant level. Therefore, SG was recommended as an efficient planting pattern for broomcorn millet production in the dryland of Loess Plateau in China.