不同耕作方式对茶园土壤物理性状及茶叶产量的影响

研究了免耕、旋耕和深松3种耕作方式对茶园土壤紧实度、土壤含水率、土壤容重、茶叶产量构成因素及茶叶产量的影响.结果表明: 3种耕作方式对土壤容重和土壤紧实度的影响效果为深松>旋耕>免耕.旋耕和深松能够打破粘盘层,降低深层土壤紧实度.0～30 cm耕层深松土壤容重较免耕下降16.4%,土壤紧实度下降13.4%～27.5%;深松可以显著增加土壤的储水空间，进而增强土壤持水能力,扩大土壤水库容,深松15～30 cm层含水量与免耕相比增加7.7%.不同耕作方式对土壤孔隙度影响不大.旋耕和深松方式下土壤比表面积增加,土壤气体和液体的比例均明显升高.茶叶的光合速率和蒸腾速率的日变化曲线均为“双峰”型,气孔因素是导致“午休”的主要原因.在深松方式下，茶树叶片蒸腾速率降低,芽叶密度增加,百芽干质量和水分利用效率升高,茶叶产量分别比免耕和旋耕增加17.6%和6.8%.深松是皖东地区茶园较为适宜的耕作方式.

Effects of different tillage methods on tea garden soil physical characteristics and tea yield.

The effects of three tillage methods, i.e., no tillage, rotary tillage, deep tillage, on tea garden soil compaction, soil moisture, soil bulk density, yield component factors and tea yield were studied through field experiments in Langxi Country of Anhui Province. The results indicated that the effects of three tillage methods on soil bulk density and soil compaction were in order of deep tillage>rotary tillage>no tillage. Deep tillage and rotary tillage could effectively break the argillic horizon layer and decrease the soil compaction. Compared with no tillage, soil compaction and soil bulk density (0-30 cm) under deep tillage decreased 16.4% and 13.4%-27.5%, respectively. Deep tillage could significantly increase soil water storage space and enhance the water holding capacity of the soil. Compared with no tillage, the soil moisture of 15-30 cm soil layer was increased by 7.7% under deep tillage. The different tillage methods had little effect on soil porosity. Rotary tillage and deep tillage could increase soil specific surface area and the ratios of soil gas and soil li quid. The diurnal changes of photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of tea both exhibited double peak pattern. There was a significant midday depression caused principally by stomatal factors. Under deep tillage, the tea leaf transpiration rate decreased, shoot density increased, 100 bud dry mass and water use efficiency increased significantly, and the tea yield increased by 17.6% and 6.8% compared with no tillage and rotary tillage, respectively. Deep tillage was the most appropriate tillage practice in tea garden of east Anhui Province.