水深对塘堰湿地水力性能的影响

塘堰湿地因其良好的生态性能而被广泛用于水稻灌区的排水净化，由于湿地的水力性能及净化效果受到诸多因素影响，客观认识这些因素的作用机理有助于提高湿地设计和运行管理的质量.本文通过示踪剂试验探讨了不同水深（20、40、60 cm）对塘堰湿地水力特性的影响.结果表明： 随着湿地水深的减小，湿地的有效容积率从0.421增加到0.844，水力效率从0.281增加到0.604；在水深较小时（20和40 cm），湿地前半部分的有效容积率达到0.9以上，明显优于湿地整体情况，湿地前半部分的水流混合情况高，接近于完全混合流.通过对原始示踪曲线的标准化分析发现，矩分析参数与水力参数有较好的数值一致性，水力参数与不受尾部截断误差影响的矩指数之间具有良好的一致性.塘堰湿地水深较小时有利于提高湿地的水力性能，试验结果可为今后塘堰湿地的优化设计提供参考.

Effect of water depths on hydraulic performance of pond wetlands.

Pond wetlands have been widely used in the treatment of drainage water from paddy fields. However, wetland hydraulic performance and purification effects are affected by many factors, such as water depth, flow rate, aspect ratio and vegetation distribution, and the better understanding of these factors would be helpful to improve the quality of wetland design, operation and management. This paper analyzed the effect of three different water depths (20, 40 and 60 cm) on the hydraulic performance of pond wetland through the dye tracer experiments with Rhodamine WT. The hydraulic indices, i.e., effective volume ratio, nominal serial complete mixing tanks (N), hydraulic efficiency (λ), were selected for analysis through the hydraulic residence time distribution (RTD) curve. The results showed that the effective volume rate rose from 0.421 to 0.844 and the hydraulic efficiency from 0.281 to 0.604 when the water depth declined from 60 cm to 20 cm. This indicated that the wetland hydraulic performance improved as the water depth decreased. In addition, the hydraulic performance of the first half of the wetland was significantly better than that of the second half. The flow regime of the first half approached complete mixing because of the mixing index (N) approaching 1 and its effective volume rate was above 0.9 when the water depth was relatively low (20 and 40 cm). The normalized RTD curves demonstrated a good agreement between moment analysis parameters and hydraulic parameters, and a great consistency between the hydraulic parameters and moment index which was not affected by tail truncation error. The experimental study concluded that a lower water depth was favorable to improve the hydraulic performance of pond wetlands.