基于景观结构的北京市顺义区生态风险时空特征

以1997、2001、2005、2009和2013年遥感影像为基础数据,对快速城市化地区——北京市顺义区进行景观分类,构建基于景观干扰度和景观脆弱度的生态风险指数,利用GS⁺和ArcGIS软件进行空间自相关和地统计学分析,研究景观生态风险的时空变化特征.结果表明:研究区内的生态风险指数存在一定的空间正相关关系,随着粒度的增大,呈现下降的趋势;在一定的粒度范围内(<12 km),空间自相关性具有明显的尺度依赖特征.1997—2013年,空间异质性中的随机变异均小于空间自相关变异,由空间自相关部分引起的空间异质性占据主导地位.研究期间,研究区生态风险水平一直以中等生态风险程度为主,较高生态风险和较低生态风险区域面积增加,而中等生态风险区域面积逐渐减少.低生态风险区主要位于顺义区机场区域及东南部的林地;高生态风险区主要位于水域景观区域,如潮白河两岸.

Temporal and spatial characteristics of ecological risk in Shunyi,Beijing, China based on landscape structure.

Based on the remote sensing data in 1997, 2001, 2005, 2009 and 2013, this article classified the landscape types of Shunyi, and the ecological risk index was built based on landscape disturbance index and landscape fragility. The spatial auto-correlation and geostatistical analysis by GS⁺ and ArcGIS was used to study temporal and spatial changes of ecological risk. The results showed that eco-risk degree in the study region had positive spatial correlation which decreased with the increasing grain size. Within a certain grain range (<12 km), the spatial auto-correlation had an obvious dependence on scale. The random variation of spatial heterogeneity was less than spatial auto-correlation variation from 1997 to 2013, which meant the auto-correlation had a dominant role in spatial heterogeneity. The ecological risk of Shunyi was mainly at moderate level during the study period. The area of the district with higher and lower ecological risk increased, while that of mode-rate ecological risk decreased. The area with low ecological risk was mainly located in the airport region and forest of southeast Shunyi, while that with high ecological risk was mainly concentrated in the water landscape, such as the banks of Chaobai River.