不同地貌背景下民族村农户生计脆弱性及其影响因子

基于2014年贫困户实地调查数据,运用集对分析和障碍度模型对宁夏海原县农户生计脆弱性及其胁迫因子进行实证分析.结果表明: 海原县农户生计脆弱性总体较高且呈现地貌和民族差异化,平原区、河谷川地山间洼地农户生计脆弱性低于土石山区、黄土梁区和中山地貌区;回汉混居村农户生计脆弱性高于纯回族与纯汉族村.农户自身必要资产的缺乏和外部地理环境敏感性的胁迫是海原县农户生计脆弱的深层原因.生计结构不合理与生计方式单一导致生计脆弱性长期积累;地理环境的不易改变使扶贫资源的地区可进入性降低.农户生计应对能力的提高需建立明确的村级水权分配制度,实施教育贫困户对口帮扶,加大生计方式多元化转型的成本投入,开发村域连锁综合商品市场.农户生计脆弱性的治理应把“公路村村通”建设放在“村村通工程”更突出的位置,坚持气象防灾和保险企业减灾相结合,开发农业生产保险系统.

Agro-household livelihood vulnerability and influence factors of ethnic villages under different geomorphology backgrounds.

The vulnerability and influence factors of agro-household livelihood in Haiyuan County, Ningxia were empirically analyzed utilizing set pair analysis and obstacle degree model, based on field survey data of impoverished agro-households in 2014. Results showed that vulnerability of agro-household livelihood in Haiyuan County was high in general while it exhibited geomorphological and ethnical differences. Vulnerability of agro-households livelihood in plain areas, valleys and intermountain depression areas were lower than that in earth-rock areas, loess ridge areas and moderately high mountain landform areas. Moreover, vulnerability of agro-household livelihood was higher in mixed Hui and Han ethnic villages than in mono Hui or Han ethnic villages. The villagers’ lacking of necessities and the stress of sensitive external geographical environment were considered to be the fundamental reasons of vulnerability of agro-household livelihood. The unreasonable livelihood structure and the unvariant livelihood strategy caused the long-term accumulation of livelihood vulnerabi-lity. The nature of the local environment, which was not easy to change, decreased the accessibility of poverty alleviation resources. Building a clear village water rights allocation system, the implementation of counterpart-assistance to educate impoverished families, increasing investment in improving the diversities of means of living, developing the chains of comprehensive commodity market among villages, were necessary to improve the response capability of agro-household livelihood. The management of vulnerability of agro-household livelihood should put the ‘Extending Roads to Every Village Project’ on a more prominent position in the ‘Extending Radio and TV Broadcasting Coverage to Every Village Project’. Furthermore, the combination of meteorological disaster prevention and insurance enterprise disaster reduction should be sought, and the agricultural production insurance system should be developed.