晋西北生态脆弱区土地利用动态变化及驱动力

基于遥感和GIS技术，结合相关统计资料，以典型生态脆弱区晋西北为研究对象，利用获取的1980、1990、2000及2010年4期土地利用信息，对该区1980—2010年的土地利用动态变化特征及驱动因素进行分析.结果表明： 1980—2010年，研究区土地利用结构发生了明显变化，耕地面积持续减少，草地和林地面积分别经历了增-减-增和减-增-减的过程，工矿居民地面积持续增加，水域和未利用地面积持续减少.耕地主要流向草地和林地；工矿居民地的增加主要以耕地面积的减少为代价；减少的水域面积转为草地和耕地；未利用地的持续减少则是由于生态工程实施和城市扩张占用所致.2000年之前，研究区总体土地利用变化程度高于后期；单一土地利用动态度的变化，以工矿居民地、未利用地及林地和草地的变化程度较剧烈.驱动力分析表明，人口增加和经济发展共同驱动了区域耕地和工矿居民地的演变；多个林业生态工程的实施是驱动林草面积变化的主要对策因素；干旱化加剧的气候特征是水域面积持续减少及林地恢复较慢的主要驱动因素.

Land use change dynamics and driving forces of the vulnerable ecological region in northwestern Shanxi Province,China.

By using remote sensing and GIS technology, this paper collected land use information of 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2010 and the relevant statistical data, and analyzed the characteristics of land use change and its driving forces in northwestern Shanxi Province, the typical ecological fragile area. The results showed that there were significant changes in land use patterns in the past 30 years. During 1980-1990, 1990-2000 and 2000-2010 periods, the area of farmland decreased continuously, while the areas of grassland and woodland experienced increase decrease increase and decrease increase decrease patterns of change, respectively. The areas of industrial and resident lands increased continuously, but the water body and unused land decreased. The farmland was mainly transformed to grassland and woodland, and the areas of industrial and resident lands increased from the farmland. The lost area of water body was transformed to grassland and farmland. The decrease of unused land was due to the implementation of ecological engineering and urban expanding. In general, the changes of land use types were significantly higher before 2000 than after 2000. The industrial and resident lands, unused land and grassland changed drastically. The relationships between land use types and driving forces indicated that population pressure and economic development led to the changes of industrial land and farmland; policy of forestry ecological engineering drove the changes of woodland and grassland; the drought characterized climate was the major cause inducing the decrease of water area and hindering the restoration of forest.