不同西瓜基因型对干旱胁迫的生理响应及其抗旱性评价

以来源于不同地区的12个西瓜基因型为试材,采用盆栽控水的方式进行持续干旱处理,研究干旱胁迫对西瓜幼苗株高、根长、鲜质量及干物质积累等生长状况的影响,比较不同基因型材料对干旱胁迫的生理响应差异,同时依据旱害指数对其抗旱性进行直接评价,并采用隶属函数法进一步验证和综合评价.结果表明: 干旱处理下,12个西瓜基因型对干旱胁迫的耐受能力存在明显差异,各基因型开始出现旱害症状的时间和发生旱害的程度各不相同.干旱胁迫降低了西瓜幼苗的株高、地上、地下鲜质量和地上干物质积累量,普遍提高了根冠比,而对根长和地下干质量存在正向和负向两种不同的影响.干旱处理后,西瓜叶片的相对含水量和叶绿素含量均不同程度降低,丙二醛、过氧化氢和超氧阴离子含量增加,脯氨酸大量积累,而可溶性蛋白含量以及抗氧化酶活性则因基因型的不同而表现出不同的结果.分析认为,3个野生型材料M20、KY-3和Y-2为抗旱性强的西瓜种质,Y34、金美人和04-1-2为敏感种质,而其余基因型为中抗种质.

Physiological responses and tolerance to drought stress of different watermelon genotypes.

With the continuous drought stress treatment to 12 pot-grown watermelon genotypes originated from different regions, the influence of drought stress on plant height, root length, fresh mass and dry mass was studied, and the physiological responses of these genotypes to drought stress were compared. Drought resistance of these watermelon genotypes was preliminarily determined according to the drought injury, and then confirmed by membership function evaluation method. We found that the watermelon genotypes exhibited great difference in drought tolerance based on the occurrence of drought injury and the degree of injury severity. Drought stress reduced plant height, shoot- and root- fresh mass as well as shoot- and root- dry mass, while increased the root/shoot ratio for most genotypes; but for root length and root dry mass, it had both positive and negative effects depending on the tested genotype. Compared with the control, all drought-treated watermelon genotypes exhibited a decline in leaf relative water content and chlorophyll content, as well as increases in MDA, H₂O₂, O₂^-· and proline contents. Different watermelon genotypes displayed diversity in soluble protein content and antioxidant enzyme activity. Our results showed that three wild watermelon genotypes including M20, Y-2, and KY-3 were drought tolerant while Y34, 04-1-2 and Golden Girl were drought sensitive, and the rest genotypes were among the medium.