基于生态系统服务理论的生态福祉内涵表征与评价

当前中国积极倡导生态文明建设,深入研究生态系统服务与人类福祉的关系具有理论和实践意义.本文界定了基于生态系统服务理论的生态福祉概念及其内涵,参考有关国民经济核算理论及相关研究成果构建了生态福祉供给与消费的评价指标,借鉴区位熵理论提出了区域生态福祉红线的刻画方法,在此基础上以2012年中国大陆省区生态福祉评价为例进行实证.结果表明: 2012年,中国大陆地区耕地、林地、牧草地、湿地、水域以及未利用地等6类生态系统生产净值分别为14819.25、81948.06、41762.77、42457.60、31770.84和1337.62亿元;省际生态系统生产净值的空间异质性明显;从供给水平来看,东部和中部省区林地、牧草地、湿地、耕地以及未利用地等5类人均生态福祉多在红线之下,整体低于全国平均水平;从消费水平来看,人均9种生态福祉的空间分布以“胡焕庸线”为界呈现“西北高-东南低”的分布格局.人口密度因素、土地资源禀赋共同导致中国大陆生态福祉的空间分布不均衡特征.

Connotation characterization and evaluation of ecological well-being based on ecosystem service theory.

China is advocating ecological civilization construction nowadays. Further researches on the relation between ecosystem service and humanity well-being are full of theoretical and practical significance. Combining related researches, this paper defined the concept and connotation of ecological well-being based on ecosystem service theory. Referencing theory of national economic accounting and relative researches, the evaluation indicators of ecological well-being supply and consumption were established. The quantitative characterization and evaluation method of red line of regional ecological well-being was proposed on the basis of location quotient. Then the evaluation of ecological well-being in mainland China in 2012 was set as an example for empirical research. The results showed that the net product values of 6 ecosystems, includingcultivated land, forest land, grassland, wetland, water area and unused land, were respectively 1481.925, 8194.806, 4176.277, 4245.760, 3177.084 and 133.762 billion CNY. Spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem net product in different provinces was distinct. Ecological well-being per capita of forest land, grassland, wetland, cultivated land and unused land in eastern and middle provinces were under the red line and less than the national average. The spatial distribution of 9 kinds of ecological well-being per capita split at Hu’s line with high value in northwest and low value in southeast, and was aggravated by differences in density of population and land resources gift.