间作减轻蚕豆枯萎病的微生物和生理机制

通过田间小区试验,研究了小麦与蚕豆间作对蚕豆枯萎病发病率、病情指数、根际镰刀菌数量、蚕豆根系抗氧化酶活性和膜质过氧化的影响.采用Biolog ECO板分析了根际土壤微生物的代谢功能多样性,通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定了蚕豆根际土壤中酚酸含量.结果表明: 与单作蚕豆相比,小麦与蚕豆间作有降低蚕豆枯萎病发病率的趋势;发病盛期和发病末期,间作使蚕豆枯萎病的病情指数比单作显著降低15.8%和22.8%,明显提高了蚕豆根际微生物活性(AWCD值),根际微生物的Shannon多样性指数显著提高4.4%和5.3%,丰富度指数显著提高19.4%和37.1%.主成分分析表明,发病盛期和发病末期,间作明显改变了蚕豆根际微生物的群落结构,蚕豆根际镰刀菌数量分别降低53.8%和33.1%;并显著降低了蚕豆根际土壤中对羟基苯甲酸、香草酸、丁香酸、阿魏酸、苯甲酸和肉桂酸的含量.发病盛期和发病末期,间作蚕豆根系的过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性分别显著提高了20.0%、31.3%和38.5%、66.7%,丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低36.3%和46.3%;发病初期间作对蚕豆根系的POD、CAT酶活性和MDA含量无显著影响.小麦与蚕豆间作显著提高了蚕豆根际微生物的活性、多样性和根系抗氧化酶活性,降低了蚕豆根际土壤中酚酸含量和膜质过氧化程度,减少了土壤镰刀菌的数量,从而提高了蚕豆对枯萎病的抗性,降低了枯萎病的危害程度.

Microbial and physiological mechanisms for alleviating fusarium wilt of faba bean in intercropping system.

A field trial was conducted to investigate effects of wheat and faba bean intercropping on incidence and index of fusarium wilt, amount of Fusarium oxysporum of faba bean, oxidase activity and membrane peroxidation of faba bean roots. Functional diversity of microbial community in rhizosphere soil of faba bean was analyzed by using Biolog microbial analysis system, contents of pheno-lic acids in faba bean rhizosphere soil were determined with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results showed that in comparison with that of monocropped faba bean, wheat and faba bean intercropping tended to reduce the incidence and disease index of faba bean. The fusarium wilt was significantly decreased by 15.8% and 22.8% during the peak infection and late infection stages, and the average well color development (AWCD value) was promoted obviously. The Shannon diversity (H) and richness (S) increased by 4.4% and 19.4% during the peak infection stage and 5.3% and 37.1% during the late infection stage, respectively. Principal component analysis demonstrated that intercropping significantly changed the rhizospheric microbial community composition. The amount of F. oxysporum in rhizosphere soil of intercropped faba bean was significantly decreased by 53.8% and 33.1%, respectively, during the peak infection and late infection stages, and contents of 4-hydroxy benzoic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, ferulic acid, benzoic acid and cinnamic acid also significantly decreased, peroxidase (POD), catalases (CAT) activities in roots of intercropped faba bean increased significantly by 20.0% and 31.3%, respectively during the peak infection stage and 38.5% and 66.7% respectively during the late infection stage, and the malondialdehyd (MDA) content decreased significantly by 36.3% and 46.3%, respectively during peak infection stage and late infection stage. It was concluded that wheat with faba bean intercropping could significantly promote the soil microbial activity and diversity, reduce the accumulation of phenolic allelochemicals and the amount of F. oxysporum in rhizosphere soil, increase the activities of CAT and POD, reduce MDA content in roots, and thus promote the resistance of faba bean to F. oxysporum infection.