模拟降雨条件下含砾石红壤工程堆积体产流产沙过程

生产建设项目开发过程中形成的工程堆积体具有特殊的结构和复杂的物质组成,坡面侵蚀特征明显有别于一般农地.采用室内人工模拟降雨试验方法,研究降雨强度对红壤区不同砾石含量(0%、10%、20%、30%)工程堆积体产流产沙过程的影响.结果表明: 坡面产流开始时间随降雨强度和砾石含量的增大而减小,减幅分别为48.5%～77.9%和4.2%～34.2%,且与降雨强度呈显著的幂函数关系.坡面径流流速和径流率均随产流历时呈先上升随后趋于稳定的变化趋势,降雨强度是其主要影响因素,砾石含量对其影响不显著.砾石对径流量的影响存在一个10%左右的阈值,1.0 mm·min^-1雨强、10%砾石含量时坡面产流量最小;雨强＞1.0 mm·min^-1时,10%砾石含量坡面产流量最大.随雨强增大径流量增加10%～60%.坡面含沙量在产流前6 min急剧下降后趋于稳定,随砾石含量增大,降雨强度对含沙量的影响减小.雨强＞1.0 mm·min^-1时,砾石具有显著的减沙效应,产沙量与降雨强度和砾石含量呈显著的线性函数关系.

Runoff and sediment yielding processes on red soil engineering accumulation containing gra vels by a simulated rainfall experiment.

Engineering accumulation formed in production and construction projects is characterized by unique structure and complex material composition. Characteristics of soil erosion on the engineering accumulation significantly differ from those on farmland. An artificially simulated rainfall experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of rainfall intensity on the processes of runoff and sediment yielding on the engineering accumulation of different gravel contents (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) in red soil regions. Results showed that the initial time of runoff generation decreased with increases in rainfall intensity and gravel content, the decreased amplitudes being about 48.5%-77.9% and 4.2%-34.2%, respectively. The initial time was found to be a power function of rainfall intensity. Both runoff velocity and runoff rate manifested a trend of first rising and then in a steady state with runoff duration. Rainfall intensity was found to be the main factor influencing runoff velocity and runoff rate, whereas the influence of gravel content was not significant. About 10% of gravel content was determined to be a critical value in the influence of gravel content on runoff volume. For the underlying surface of 10% gravel content, the runoff volume was least at rainfall intensity of 1.0 mm·min^-1 and maximum at rainfall intensity of greater than 1.0 mm·min^-1. The runoff volume increased 10%-60% with increase in rainfall intensity. Sediment concentration showed a sharp decline in first 6 min and then in a stable state in rest of time. Influence of rainfall intensity on sediment concentration decreased as gravel content increased. Gravels could reduce sediment yield significantly at rainfall intensity of greater than 1.0 mm·min^-1. Sediment yield was found to be a linear function of rainfall intensity and gravel content.