青藏高原"黑土型"退化草地成因与恢复

对青藏高原“黑土型”退化草地的成因和生态建设进行评述,认为“黑土型”退化草地是草原退化生态学行为在江河源区高寒草地的特有体现形式,由气候变暖、冰川退缩、过度放牧、鼠害等综合因子共同导致。生态恢复不仅要从草地建设入手,还要对草地资源进行合理管理与规划。加强牧区文化教育投资、实行草地长期承包、加强《草原法》建设等措施是我国高寒草地畜牧业健康发展的重要保证。青藏高原生态系统特有的“惰性”特征可能是导致其草地生态系统自我更新能力差、系统结构脆弱、生态恢复困难的重要原因,应深入开展该方面研究,为青藏高原生态环境建设提供依据。

Formation reason and recovering problem of 'the black soil type' degraded alpine grassland in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

The causes and ecological rebuilding of the 'black soil type' degraded alpine grassland was summarized.Causes which contribute to the grassland degradation mainly include climate warming,glacier decreasing,over grazing,rats damaging,etc.The ecological restoration of the degraded alpine grassland relies on not only grassland development,but also reasonable management and planning.Methods such as strengthening investment for pasture regions' education,practicing long-term contracts for grassland,maintaining grassland law,should be applied to ensure the alpine grassland animal husbandry to develop healthily.The characteristic-inertia that Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau ecosystem processed might be the critical cause which resulted in the weakness of self-renew capability,frailty of ecosystem construction and difficulty in ecological restoration.Father study is needed to supply scientific foundation for the ecological restoration of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.