Dynamic games and field experiments examining intra- and intersexual conflict: explaining counterintuitive mating behavior in a Mediterranean wrasse, Symphodus ocellatus |
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Authors: | Alonzo Suzanne H; Warner Robert R |
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Institution: | Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of
California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9610, USA |
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Abstract: | Intersexual conflict and intrasexual competition are widelyrecognized as
playing critical roles in determining mating systems.Although they occur
simultaneously in populations, these processesare usually treated
independently. In reality, the fitness ofreproductive strategies will depend
on the outcome of both within-and between-sex conflicts. Using a modeling
approach based onmultiple, linked, dynamic state variable models, we examined
thereproductive behavior of a Mediterranean wrasse, Symphodus
ocellatus.We compared the predictions of models that examine only a
singleconflict interaction with those that consider multiple within-and
between-sex conflicts simultaneously. The observed distributionof sneaker
males and females among nests was compared with thosepredicted by the models.
We found that the closest fit withempirical observations and experiments is
given by the modelthat examines conflict between females, sneakers, and
nestingmales simultaneously. Removal of successful nests indicatedthat
females join nests with few or no sneakers present, whereassneakers join
these nests only later, even though this leadsto lower sneaker mating
success. This behavior can be explainedby observing that although sneakers
would have higher fitnessat nests where the spawning rate is greater, females
would notbe willing to spawn at these nests in the presence of sneakers.
Presumably,once the nests have achieved high past success, females are
willingto spawn in the presence of sneakers because of the associated
decreasedchance of nesting male desertion. |
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Keywords: | dynamic game model fish behavior Labridae mating systems sexual conflict |
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