Genetic Approaches for Studying Myiasis-causing Flies: Molecular Markers and Mitochondrial Genomics |
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Authors: | Ana Maria Lima de Azeredo-Espin Ana Cláudia Lessinger |
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Institution: | (1) Laboratório de Genética Animal, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), C.P. 6010, CEP 13083-875 Campinas, SP, Brazil |
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Abstract: | “Myiasis-causing flies” is a generic term that includes species from numerous dipteran families, mainly Calliphoridae and
Oestridae, of which blowflies, screwworm flies and botflies are among the most important. This group of flies is characterized
by the ability of their larvae to develop in animal flesh. When the host is a live vertebrate, such parasitism by dipterous
larvae is known as primary myiasis. Myiasis-causing flies can be classified as saprophagous (free-living species), facultative
or obligate parasites. Many of these flies are of great medical and veterinary importance in Brazil because of their role
as key livestock insect-pests and vectors of pathogens, in addition to being considered important legal evidence in forensic
entomology. The characterization of myiasis-causing flies using molecular markers to study mtDNA (by RFLP) and nuclear DNA
(by RAPD and microsatellite) has been used to identify the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for specific patterns of genetic
variability. These approaches have been successfully used to analyze the population structures of the New World screwworm
fly Cochliomyia hominivorax and the botfly Dermatobia hominis. In this review, various aspects of the organization, evolution and potential applications of the mitochondrial genome of
myiasis-causing flies in Brazil, and the analysis of nuclear markers in genetic studies of populations, are discussed. |
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Keywords: | Calyptratae Calliphoridae control region genetic variability mitochondrial genome molecular evolution molecular markers mtDNA myiases Oestridae |
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