Resources of high-protein genotypes in wild wheat,Triticum dicoccoides in Israel: Predictive method by ecology and allozyme markers |
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Authors: | E Nevo A Grama A Beiles E M Golenberg |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, Israel;(2) ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel |
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Abstract: | Geographic variation of protein and seed characters of wild emmer wheat,Triticum dicoccoides in Israel and the associations with ecological and allozyme markers were tested in an attempt to derive predictive optimal
guidelines for conservation and utilization in breeding programmes. The study involved 46 genotypes of wild emmer from 5 populations
in Israel, 2 central and 3 marginal. These populations were tested earlier for allozymic variation (Nevoet al., Theor. appl. Genet. 62: 241–254, 1982).
The results indicate that protein percentage, kernel and protein weight (the product of the former two values), vary both
within, but particularly between, populations. Notably, the 3 marginal populations exhibit high protein content but low kernel
weight, hence low protein weight as compared with the 2 central populations which displayed lower protein percentage but high
kernel weight, hence higher protein weight. Three-variable combinations of climatic factors explain R squared=0.70 of the
variance in kernel weight and R squared=0.60 of the variance in protein weight. Likewise, 3-variable combinations of allozyme
genotypes explained significantly the spatial variances in protein percentage, kernel and protein weight (R squared=0.60,
0.69 and 0.54, respectively).
We conclude that natural populations of wild emmer in Israel contain large amounts of yet untapped genes for elite protein
and high seed weight. These could be effectively screened and utilized for producing high quantity protein wheat cultivars
by means of effectively following ecological and allozymic markers as predictive guidelines in screening natural populations
of wild emmer wheat. |
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