Scientific requirements for ecosystem-based management in the restoration of Chesapeake Bay and Coastal Louisiana |
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| Institution: | 1. HX5, 664 Old Plantation Rd., Charleston, SC 29412, United States;2. HDR Engineering Inc., One International Blvd., 10th Floor/Suite 1000, Mahwah, NJ 07495, United States;3. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers New York District, 26 Federal Plaza, Room 2146, New York, NY 10278-0090, United States;1. Université Côte d''Azur, CNRS, FRE 3729 ECOMERS, Parc Valrose 28, Avenue Valrose, 06108 Nice, France;2. Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Rome, Italy;3. Centre for Ocean Life, National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU-Aqua), Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark;4. CNR-IAMC, Mazara del Vallo, Via Vaccara 61, 91026 Mazara del Vallo, TP, Italy;5. Network of Marine Protected Area Managers in the Mediterranean (MedPAN), Marseille, France;6. National Center for Scientific Research, CRIOBE, USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Perpignan, France;7. Laboratoire d''Excellence CORAIL, France;8. Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA;9. Departamento de Ecología e Hidrología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain;10. ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;11. Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;12. Centro de Formação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Campus Sosígenes Costa, Porto Seguro 45810-000, Brazil;13. Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, 120 Oceanview Blvd., Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA |
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| Abstract: | Ecosystem-based management requires integration of multiple system components and uses, identifying and striving for sustainable outcomes, precaution in avoiding deleterious actions, and adaptation based on experience to achieve effective solutions. Efforts underway or in planning to restore and manage two major coastal ecosystems, the Chesapeake Bay (Chesapeake Bay Program) and coastal Louisiana (Louisiana Coastal Area Plan and Gulf Hypoxia Action Plan), are examined with respect to these four principles. These multifaceted restoration programs represent among the foremost challenges for science and coastal management in the United States and, thereby, have important implications for addressing the coastal environmental crises being experienced throughout the world. Although frameworks exist for integration of management objectives in both regions, the technical ability for the quantitatively integrated assessment of multiple stressors and strategies is still in an early stage of development. Science is also being challenged to identify sustainable futures, but emerging concepts of ecosystem resilience offer some promising approaches. Precautionary management is best conceived with regard to fisheries, but should become a more explicit consideration for managing risks and avoiding unanticipated consequences of restoration activities. Adaptive management is embraced as a central process in coastal Louisiana ecosystem restoration, but has not formally been implemented in the more mature Chesapeake Bay restoration. Based on these experiences, ecosystem-based management could be advanced by: (1) orienting more scientific activity to providing the solutions needed for ecosystem restoration; (2) building bridges crossing scientific and management barriers to more effectively integrate science and management; (3) directing more attention to understanding and predicting achievable restoration outcomes that consider possible state changes and ecosystem resilience; (4) improving the capacity of science to characterize and effectively communicate uncertainty; and (5) fully integrating modeling, observations, and research to facilitate more adaptive management. |
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