制备动物乳腺生物反应器的问题和对策

动物乳腺是理想的用于生产复杂的生物活性蛋白的生物反应器。目前，显微注射仍然是制备大型转基因动物的主要方法，但外源基因整合效率低下和位置效应还需要解决。要解决这两个问题，人们探索了几种策略。尽管使用转染的体细胞和基因打靶的体细胞作为核移植的供体的动物克隆技术还在改善中，但是这一技术是有应用前景的转基因牲畜的方法。在转基因载体中使用LCR和MAR序列可显著提高表达水平和转基因效率。YAC、BAC作为理想的转基因载体可能因为它们能容纳基因座的所有元件。虽然这些技术和方法还存在不完善之处，但其发展将极大地提高动物乳腺生物反应器的整合率和表达水平。

Problems and stratagems for the generation of animal mammary gland bioreactors

Animal mammary glands are an ideal bioreactor for producing complex bioactive proteins.Currently,mi-croinjection of pronuclear for the generation of transgenic farm animals still is a major method,but the technical problems of low integration rate of foreign genes and position effect remain to be solved.To solve the two problems,the several stratagems have been tried.Although the technique of animal cloning using transfected somatic cells and gene-targeted somatic cells as nuclear donor is being improved,it is a hopeful method for the transgenic farm ani-mals.Application of MAR and LCR sequences in transgenic vectors only can improve expression level and trans-genic rate.Using YAC or BAC as transgenic vectors may be an ideal tool because they can contain all major im-portant elements of gene locus.Thought these techniques and methods remain some limitations,the development will greatly improve the integration rate and expression level of animal mammary gland bioreactors.