东部马脑脊髓炎病毒的分子生物学进展

东部马脑脊髓炎病毒属虫媒病毒，能引起人和马发生急性脑炎。东马病毒为单股正链RNA病毒，可分为南美型和北美型，包括两个开放读码框架，分别编码结构蛋白（E1，E2，E2，C，6K）和非结构蛋白（nsp1,nsp2,nsp3,nsp4)。其中E1/E2包膜糖蛋白以异二聚体的形式病毒颗粒外刺突。非结构蛋白主要能与负链RNA的合成，近来，随着研究深入，病毒受体越来越受到广泛关注。本介绍东部马脑脊髓炎病毒结构、进化、复制、组装等方面的分子生物学进展。

The molecular biology development of eastern equine encephalitis virus

Eastern equine encephalitis(EEE)virus is a mosquitoborne virus and the causative agent of a severe acute encephalitis in humans and equines.Based upon kinetichaemagglutination-inhibition(HI)reactions,two anti-genic types of EEE virus are recognized.EEEV has one positive-strand RNA genome,containing two open reading frames.Open reading frames encode two precursor polyproteins,which are processed into mature proteins,including structure glycoproteins (E1,E2,E2,C,6K)and non-structure protein (nsp1,nsp2,nsp3,nsp4).The envelope glycoproteins E1\E2associate to form heterodimers,three of which are then assembled into spikes on the virion surface.Non-structure proteins appear to be specifically required for the synthesis of minus-strand RNA.Recently,virus receptors become the study focus on penetration and infection.In this article,the molecular biology developments of eastern equine encephalitis virus on structure,evolution,assemble and replication are introduced.