脯氨酸在植物生长和非生物胁迫耐受中的作用

脯氨酸是生物界分布最广的渗透保护物质之一,干旱、高盐、高温及重金属等非生物胁迫条件都会导致植物体内脯氨酸含量的增加,其作用是防止渗透胁迫对植物造成的伤害、清除自由基,还可以作为氮、碳以及NADPH的重要来源。近年来,在转化脯氨酸代谢相关基因提高植物胁迫抗性方面也取得了很大进展。本文概要介绍了脯氨酸在植物生长和耐受非生物胁迫中的作用、与植物脯氨酸累积有关的信号转导、胁迫条件下脯氨酸的吸收和器官间的运输途径,以及通过转基因技术过量表达脯氨酸提高植物胁迫耐性的代谢工程的进展。

The Roles of Proline in Plant Growth and the Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses

Proline is one of the effectively compatible osmolytes widely distributed in organisms and is thought to play an important role in the adaptation to drought, salt, heat, heavy metal and many other abiotic stresses. The accumulation of intracellular proline may function in preventing plants from being damaged caused by osmotic stress, scavenging oxidative free radicals, acting as the important source of nitrogen, carbon and NADPH. During the past years, increasing advances have been made in improving the stress tolerance of plants using the genetic transformation of genes involved in proline metabolism. In this review, the roles of proline in plant growth and tolerance to abiotic stresses, signaling pathway related to proline accumulation, uptake and transport of proline under a variety of adverse environmental conditions, and the advances in improving plant stress tolerance by overexpressing genes involved in proline metabolism were summarized in detail.