反义RNA及其在植物基因工程领域的应用

随着反义RNA的发现及对其研究的深入，反义RNA技术已被广泛应用于基因调控的研究中。本介绍了反义RNA的概念，并就反义RNA的作用机理和在植物基因工程领域的应用进行了综述。其作用机理包括：在原核生物中反义RNA与引物RNA前体及mRNA分子5′的不同区域进行互补，从而抑制其复制、转录和翻译；在其核生物中反义RNA影响mRNA前体拼接、转移及mRNA分子5′和3′正常修饰。在植物基因工程领域，反义RNA主要应用于抑制果实成熟、抗病、作为反向筛选标记基因、控制花色、控制淀粉合成、控制油料种子中脂肪酸的合成、控制雄性不育等方面。

Antisense RNA and its application in plant genetic engineering

With the discovery of antisense RNA and further research,antisense RNA technique has been applied in the study of gene regulation.The action mechanism is because of antisense RNA in prokaryotic organism comple-menting with the primer RNA precursor and the different domains of mRNA5' ,so it inhibites replication?transcrip-tion and translation.In the other hands,antisense RNA in eukaryotic organism influences the splicing and transfer of mRNA precursor,the normal modification of mRNA5' and3'.The primary application of antisense RNA in plant gene engineering includes:inhibiting the fruit ripening;resistencing diseases;being antisense selective marker gene;controlling the color of flower;controlling the synthesis of starch;controlling the synthesis of fatty acids in the oilseed crops;controlling male sterile.