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Patterns in species richness and endemism of European freshwater fish
Authors:Yorick Reyjol  Bernard Hugueny  Didier Pont †  Pier Giorgio Bianco  Ulrika Beier  Nuño Caiola  Frederic Casals  Ian Cowx  Alcibiades Economou  Teresa Ferreira  Gertrud Haidvogl  Richard Noble  Adolfo de Sostoa  Thibault Vigneron  Tomas Virbickas
Institution:Laboratory of Fluvial Hydrosystems Ecology, University Lyon I, France,;Department of Biology, University of Napoli, Italy,;Institute of Freshwater Research, Drottningholm, Sweden,;Department of Animal Biology —Vertebrates, University of Barcelona, Spain,;Department of Animal Production —Wildlife, University of Lleida, Spain,;International Fisheries Institute, University of Hull, UK,;Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Athens, Greece,;Forest Department, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal,;University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria,;Fisheries French Council, Cesson-Sévigné, France, and;Laboratory of Hydrobiont Ecology and Physiology, University of Vilnius, Lithuania
Abstract:Aim  To analyse the patterns in species richness and endemism of the native European riverine fish fauna, in the light of the Messinian salinity crisis and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM).
Location  European continent.
Methods  After gathering native fish faunistic lists of 406 hydrographical networks, we defined large biogeographical regions with homogenous fish fauna, based on a hierarchical cluster analysis. Then we analysed and compared the patterns in species richness and endemism among these regions, as well as species–area relationships.
Results  Among the 233 native species present in the data set, the Cyprinidae family was strongly dominant (> 50% of the total number of species). Seven biogeographical regions were defined: Western Peri-Mediterranea, Central Peri-Mediterranea, Eastern Peri-Mediterranea, Ponto-Caspian Europe, Northern Europe, Central Europe and Western Europe. The highest regional species richness was observed for Central Peri-Mediterranea and Ponto-Caspian Europe. The highest endemic richness was found in Central Peri-Mediterranea. Species–area relationships were characterized by high slope values for Peri-Mediterranean Europe and low values for Central and Western Europe.
Main conclusions  The results were in agreement with the 'Lago Mare' hypothesis explaining the specificity of Peri-Mediterranean fish fauna, as well as with the history of recolonization of Central and Western Europe from Ponto-Caspian Europe following the LGM. The results also agreed with the mechanisms of speciation and extinction influencing fish diversity in hydrographical networks. We advise the use of the seven biogeographical regions for further studies, and suggest considering Peri-Mediterranean Europe and Ponto-Caspian Europe as 'biodiversity hotspots' for European riverine fish.
Keywords:Biodiversity hotspots  biogeographical regions  endemism  Europe  hydrographical network  Messinian salinity crisis  native fish fauna  Pleistocene glaciations  species–area relationships  species richness
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