多年生植物模式物种基因组研究的历史及进展

木本植物有许多不同于一年生草本植物的生物学特性，生物学家提出将木本植物 作为研究多年生植物的模式体系。杨属Populus树种由于研究基础较好且基因组较小，目前已 被广泛地接受作为多年生植物基因组研究的模式物种。随着杨属树种全基因组序列的测定， 杨属树种在多年生植物的功能基因组研究及一些基础科学问题的研究中将发挥重要作用。本 文综述了杨属树种基因组研究的历史、进展及将来的研究热点，旨在为我国多年生植物基因 组研究提供参考和借鉴。本文主要论述了以下几个方面的内容:（1）对杨属树种开展的细胞 遗传学研究;（2）在分子水平上对杨属树种进行的基因组研究，内容包括遗传作图、基因组 测序、物理图谱构建、基因芯片及连锁不平衡分析;（3）杨属树种基因组信息在探讨一些基 础科学问题中的潜在应用。

History and progress of the genomics studies in the model system of perennial plant species

Strong justifications have been developed for why woody plants should be viewed as model systems in plant biology. The genus Populus possesses many characteristics that are conductive to functional genomic studies, and therefore leads to its emergence as a model system in extrapolating findings in perennial plant species that are different from annual herbaceous plants. With the proceeding of the whole genome sequencing, poplars will be act as a wide reference for functional genomics studies in perennial plant species and will also contribute towards answering some fundamental scientific questions. This paper reviewed the history and progress of the poplar genome studies and the potential keen topics in the future. The contents mainly address on: (1) the somatic genetics studies in Populus ; (2) the genomics studies carried out in Populus, including genetic mapping, genome sequencing, physical map construction, microarray analysis and linkage disequilibrium analysis; (3) the potential application of the genome information of Populus for facilitating our understanding of some basic scientific questions.