国产８种蜘蛛抱属植物的核型研究

首次报道了８种蜘蛛抱属植物的核型，其中６种的染色体数目为首次报道，结果如下：峨边蜘蛛抱蛋Ａ.ebianensis,2n=2x=36=18m 2sm(2sat) 16st;盈江蜘蛛抱蛋Ａ．yingjiangensis,2n=2x=36=14m 6sm(2sat) 16st;海南蜘蛛抱蛋Ａ．hainensis,2n=2x=36=20m(2sat) 14st 2t;石山蜘蛛抱蛋Ａ.saxicola,2n=2x=36=16m 4sm(2sat) 16st;要蜘蛛抱蛋白Ａ.muricata,2n=2x=36=18m 2sm(2sat) 16st);啮边蛛抱蛋Ａ.marginella,2n=2x=38=22m 4sm(2sat) 12st;西林蜘蛛抱蛋Ａ.xillinensis,2n=4x=76=48m(4sat) 2sm 26st;十字蜘蛛抱蛋A.cruciformis,2n=4x=76=46m(4sat) 12sm 18st。核型类型都为２Ｃ型。首次在中国发现了Ａ.cruciformis和A.xilinensis的野生四倍体。根据外部形态性及已有的３８种植物的核型资料分析，认为该属染色体的原始基数可能为x=18，核型向对称性增强的方向演化，其主要表现在中部着丝粒染色体数目的增多，这种演化趋似与其花部结构的进化密切相关。

Karyotypes of eight species of the genus Aspidistra from China

This paper reports the chromosome number and morphology of 8 species of the genus Aspidistra from China. The chromosome number of six species is reported for the first time.The results are as follows: 2n=2x=36=18m 2sm(2sat) 16st for A. ebianensis ; 2n=2x=36=14m 6sm(2sat) 16st for A. yingjiangensis ; 2n=2x=36=20m(2sat) 14st 2t for A. hainanensis ; 2n=2x=36=16m 4sm(2sat) 16st for A. saxicola ; 2n=2x=36=18m 2sm(2sat) 16st for A. muricata ; 2n=2x=38=22m 4sm(2sat) 12st for A. marginella ; 2n=4x=76=48m(4sat) 2sm 26st for A. xilinensis ; 2n=4x=76=46m(4sat) 12sm 18st for A. cruciformis . All the karyotypes are bimodal and belong to Stebbins' 2C type. A. cruciformis and A. xilinensis are the only two tetraploid species found in Aspidistra up to date. Based on our results and those previously reported,we consider that the karyotypes of the genus Aspidistra might have evolved towards the increase of symmetry by the increase of median_centromeric chromosomes in the chromosome complement and the basic chromosome number x=18 might be primitive, while x=19 derived.