2型单纯疱疹病毒体外感染周期的研究进展

2型单纯疱疹病毒(Herpes simplex virus type 2,HSV-2)是引起生殖器疱疹的主要病原体。生殖器疱疹主要表现为生殖器和肛周皮肤黏膜疱疹或溃疡,是一种慢性、复发性、难以治愈的性传播疾病,临床治疗多以抑制病毒复制的核苷类药物阿昔洛韦及其衍生物更昔洛韦、喷昔洛韦等为主。这些药物对缓解症状、缩短病程有一定作用,但难以达到根治的目的,长期应用易产生耐药,且对其合并症基本无效。作用于HSV-2其他感染周期的药物成为人类探索的新领域。HSV-2感染宿主细胞是一个复杂的多阶段过程,包括黏附、穿入、核转运、基因组复制、衣壳组装、子代病毒释放等多个步骤,涉及多种细胞和病毒蛋白的活性。本文对HSV-2体外感染周期详细步骤及其分子机制作一综述,以期深入了解其感染机制,并为研制作用于不同感染阶段的抗HSV-2药物提供参考。

Research Progress on the Infection Cycles of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 in Vitro

Herpes simplex virus type 2(HSV-2)is the main pathogen of genital herpes(GH).The latter is characterized mainly by herpes or ulcers of the genital/perianal skin and mucosa.GH is a chronic,recurrent and difficult-to-cure sexually transmitted disease.Clinical treatment of GH is based mainly on inhibition of virus replication by the nucleoside drugs acyclovir and its derivatives(ganciclovir and penciclovir).These drugs are effective in alleviating symptoms and shortening the disease course.However,it is difficult to achieve cure and overcome the complications of infection.Also,long-term use of these drugs can lead to drug resistance.Drugs that act on other infection cycles of HSV-2 have become a new field of exploration.HSV-2 infection of host cells is a complicated and multi-stage process,and includes adhesion,penetration,nuclear transport,genome replication,capsid assembly,virus egress and other steps,involving the action of various cellular and viral proteins.Here,we review the detailed steps and molecular mechanism of the HSV-2 infection cycle in vitro.In this way,we provide a reference for in-depth understanding of the mechanism of HSV-2 infection and development of anti-HSV-2 drugs acting in different infection stages.