水痘-带状疱疹病毒的基因分型与分子进化

水痘-带状疱疹病毒(Varicella-zoster virus,VZV)又称人类疱疹病毒3型,属疱疹病毒科,与单纯疱疹病毒HSV-1、HSV-2一起归入α亚科。人类是其唯一的自然宿主,对其普遍易感。VZV引起的原发感染表现为水痘,并在宿主的感觉神经节内潜伏,再激活时可引起带状疱疹。近年来VZV分子流行病学的研究涉及流行病学、病毒学、生物信息学等相关领域,通过监测、研究VZV的基因变异,区分疫苗株或野生株引起的感染,探讨世界范围内各VZV病毒株的系统发育关系和各遗传支之间的分子进化史。现将近年来有关VZV不同的地理分布和遗传支进化的研究状况综述如下。

The Genotyping and Molecular Evolution of Varicella-Zoster Virus

Varicella-zoster virus(VZV,Human herpesvirus 3) is a member of the family Herpesviridae,and is classified as α-subfamily along with HSV-1 and HSV-2.VZV is the causative agent of chicken pox(varicella) mostly in children,after which it establishes latency in the sensory ganglia with the potential to reactivate at a later time to cause shingles(zoster).Increasing molecular epidemiological studies in recent years have been performed to monitor the mutations in VZV genome,discriminate vaccine virus from wild type virus,study the phylogeny of VZV strains throughout the world,and understand the evolution of the different clades of VZV.The progress has great impact on the fields of epidemiology,virologyand bioinformatics.In this review,the currently available data concerning the geographic distribution and molecular evolution of VZV clades are discussed.