家养犬、猫及野生动物中狂犬病病毒流行病学调查及我国不同类型狂犬病疫苗免疫效果观测研究

选择我国狂犬病高发地区(湖南、贵州)、低发地区(江苏、武汉)和无狂犬病报告地区(沈阳)等三种不同类型的地区,开展针对家养犬、猫和啮齿类动物,以及蝙蝠等野生动物的狂犬病病毒带毒率的流行病学调查,对分离到的病毒株在抗原型别、基因变异以及与现行疫苗是否匹配等方面进行分析、比较研究。结果显示:我国狂犬病的主要宿主动物为犬,捕获犬总带毒率为2.56%;犬中狂犬病病毒的监测点最高阳性检出率达到20.0%;啮齿类动物及蝙蝠等野生动物在本次研究未检测到狂犬病病毒。我国自主研制成功的以aG株和CTN株为毒种的现行人用狂犬病疫苗,经应用研究发现,CTN株的糖蛋白基因与本研究分离到的街毒核酸序列更接近。为进一步评价现行疫苗的有效性,在5个观察点分别以aG株和CTN株毒种生产的疫苗接种两组人群(每组各约50人),结果显示均未出现中、强度反应,疫苗免疫后第7d和14d产生的中和抗体分别达到0.49IU/mL~0.52IU/mL和6.7IU/mL~7.53IU/mL;抗体阳转率分别为45.1%~47.9%和100%,表明这些疫苗具有良好的安全性和保护效果。

An Epidemiological Study of Rabies Virus in Domestic Dogs, Cats and Wildlife And the Immunogenicity Study for Rabies Vaccines Derived from Different Cell Cultured Virus Strains

For epidemiological investigation of the rabies virus carrier rates of domestic dogs,cats and wild animals like rodent animals and bats,three kinds of regions where rabies had higher incidence(Hunan and Guizhou Provinces),lower incidence(Jiangsu Province,Wuhan City)and provisionally rabies-free(Shenyang City) were selected.Then the antigenic types,the genovariation of the isolaled viruses and the currently vaccine matching of the virus strains were analyzed. The results showed that in China the principal host of rabies is dog,the total virus carrier rate of the captured dogs was 2.56%,and the highest positive isolation rate was 20.0% in some monitoring site.However,there was no evidence about the rabies virus carrier rate in rodent animals,bats or other wild animals. The rabies vaccines which prepared from aG and CTN strains have already been produced successfully in China.The research showed that the nucleotide sequences of the newly isolated viruses were more similar with the glycoprotein gene of CTN strain.In order to evaluate the safety and the efficacy of the vaccines currently used,two groups(50 people each)were injected with vaccine of aG strain and CTN strain respectively in five surveillance points.The neutralizing antibody tested were 0.49IU/mL-0.52IU/mL and 6.7IU/mL-7.53IU/mL after the 7 and the 14 days of vaccine injection respectively.In addition,the rates of antibody positive seroconversion were 45.1%-47.9% and 100% respectively,and there was no moderate or severe adverse reactions observed. These data showed the vaccines have satisfactory effect on safety and protection.