乙型肝炎病毒感染血清流行病学规律的研究

1984～1987年,在湖南、河南、河北、黑龙江4个试点区,整群抽样采血10 484人,采血率达80％以上。HBsAg、抗-HBs和抗-HBc均用RIA法检测。结果4个点乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)标化感染率为58.2％。HBV感染率随年龄增长而升高,7岁时为51.6％,25岁时达63.7％,接近高峰值。HBsAg标化阳性率为10.1％。HBsAg阳性率显示两个高峰,一个在2～8岁时,即儿童峰。从零岁的3.8％至2周岁时的12.5％,已达高峰。湖南的儿童峰值较其它3个试点区高。故HBsAg阳性率南高北低的现象仍然存在(P<0.01)。另一个峰在20～45岁,即成人峰。 抗-HBs标化阳性率为32.2％。HBsAg:抗-HBs之比值,5岁以内为1:1,10岁以后上升为l:3.3～5.9。抗-HBc标化阳性率为45.5％。此结果表明,调查地区均为HBV高感染区,感染主要发生在儿童期。故新生儿是预防乙型肝炎的重点人群。

SERO-EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HBV INFECTION IN FOUR PROVINCES IN CHINA

From 1984-1987 a HBV sero-epidemioloical study was carried out in four provinces including two urban and three rural areas where 1,008,855 inhabitants lived. About 10%-20% of total civilian population of different age groups were randomly selected for the HBV prevalence study. The HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc serological markers were screened by RIA kits manufactured either by Abbott Lab. or in China.The results indicate that China is a highly endemic area for HBV infection. Infection mainly occurred in early life. The HBV prevalence and HBsAg positivity rate were 58.16% and 10.09% respectively. The highest carrier rate was found in infants under three years old, and the highest annual increase rate of HBsAg also occurred in this age group (-4% ) . There were two peaks of HBsAg evidenced in children of 2-8 and adults of 35-45 years old. The anti-HBs positivity rate was 32.3% and increased with ages. The lowest ratio of HBsAg versus anti-HBs appe-ared in infants(-1 : 1). Who were at high risk of infection and of becoming chronic HBsAg carriers.