检测脊髓灰质炎IgM抗体捕捉法ELISA的建立及其在早期快速诊断中的应用

首次建立了用于脊髓灰质炎快速、分型诊断的血清IgM抗体捕捉法ELISA。检测了52例疑似病人,IgM阳性率为76.9％(40/52),而粪便病毒分离率仅为44.2％(23/52),前者的阳性检出率明显高于后者。做病毒分型诊断结果,与分离病毒中和试验定型的总符合率为92.86％(39/42)。检测601例来自全国各省的脊灰疑似病人血清,其阳性率波动于13％～92.3％,平均为61.1％。阳性率与收集血清的病日相关,发病0～3天收集者,阳性检出率为69.5％,4～25天者为64％,26～54天者为52％,55天以上者则未能检出。本检测方法需时1.5天,简便、敏感、特异,重复性良好,适用于脊灰的早期快速诊断。对其实用性进行了讨论。

EARLY AND RAPID DIAGNOSIS OF POLIOMYELITIS INFECTION BY MEANS OF CAPTURE-ELISA FOR SPECIFIC IgM ANTIBODY

A capture-ELISA for detecting poliomyelitis IgM specific antibody for the diagnosis of poliovirus infection was developed. The method has no cross reaction with other virus antigens, such as Cox-Al6, ECHO 2, 3, 25, 29, measles and rubella. It could be blocked by the same type of poliovirus antigen. In comparing the rate of positive response between virus isolation and IgM antibody test, the later was found to be more sensitive. From 52 suspected poliomyelitis cases the positive rate of virus isolation was 44.2% and IgM detection was 76.9%.The capture-ELISA was also useful for typing of poliovirus infection, 42 patients were identified both by virus isolation and IgM detection, the rate was 92.86%. From a total of 601 suspected cases of serum specimens collected from different parts of China and tested with ELISA, 367 cases were IgM positive.The positive rate was 61.1%, the range was from 13%-92.8%.The capture-ELISA is simple, time saving and suitable for the early and rapid diagnosis.