Density-dependent predation and implications for stock enhancement with Japanese flounder |
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Authors: | G T Kellison † D B Eggleston M Tanaka † |
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Institution: | Department of Marine, Earth and Atmosphere Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8208 U.S.A.;Division of Applied Bio sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan |
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Abstract: | In laboratory predation trials kinsen-gani crab Matuta lunaris rarely preyed on hatchery-reared (HR) Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus , even at extremely elevated prey densities ( c . 90 fish m?2), but fed readily on sacrificed Japanese founder. This suggests that under similar conditions in the wild predator-prey interactions between kinsen-gani and juvenile Japanese flounder are likely to be weak. Larger Japanese flounder readily cannibalized smaller conspecifics, suggesting that within-release group cannibalism may contribute considerably to post-release mortality of HR Japanese flounder when sufficient size variation exists within groups of released fish. Kinsen-gani presence had no effect on within-release group cannibalism rates of large Japanese flounder on small Japanese flounder. Within-release group cannibalism rates were significantly affected by densities of smaller (prey) fish, implying that the number of fish released (and thus post-release densities) in stock enhancement programmes may significantly affect post-release mortality rates. The probability of within-release group cannibalism increased rapidly as the cannibal-to-prey size ratio exceeded 1.6, suggesting that minimizing size variation of released HR individuals will reduce post-release cannibalism rates. These results have implications for Japanese flounder stock enhancement release strategies, and may be applicable to other finfish stock enhancement programmes. |
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Keywords: | density-dependence cannibalism Paralichthys olivaceus kinsen-gani Matuta lunaris stock enhancement |
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