Schooling behaviour and retinomotor response of juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis under different light intensities |
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Authors: | S Torisawa † T Takagi H Fukuda Y Ishibashi Y Sawada ‡ T Okada ‡ S Miyashita § K Suzuki T Yamane |
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Institution: | Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Naka-machi, Nara 631-8505, Japan;, Ohshima Experiment Station, Fisheries Laboratory, Kinki University, 1790-4 Ohshima, Kushimoto, Wakayama 649-3633, Japan; and Shirahama Experiment Station, Fisheries Laboratory, Kinki University, 3153 Shirahama, Wakayama 649-221, Japan |
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Abstract: | Schooling behaviour and histological retinal light adaptation in juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis were examined under various light intensities to determine the effect of light intensity on behaviour. After monitoring the schooling behaviour of juveniles 35–36 and 45–46 days post hatching, schooling variables such as nearest neighbour distance and separation swimming index were measured under different light intensities. Furthermore, retinal indices of light adaptation were investigated histologically for each experimental light intensity. Under intensities >5 lx, schooling variables in the two juvenile growth stages were nearly constant, allowing schooling. In contrast, the schooling variables indicated that the fish gradually swam more widely and randomly with decreasing light intensities <5 lx. The retinal indices also showed a shift from light adaptation to dark adaptation at light levels <5 lx. From 5 to 0·01 lx, retinal adaptation and fish schooling behaviour changed with light intensity. These data suggest that the schooling behaviour of juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna is greatly affected by retinal adaptation. |
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Keywords: | light intensity Pacific bluefin tuna retinomotor response schooling behaviour |
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