麻疯树种油的理化性质及籽粕中元素含量分析及其应用价值初探

麻疯树(Jatropha curcas L. )为大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)麻疯树属(Jatropha L. )植物,果实含油量高,种仁含油量在60%左右,可用于加工提炼优质生物柴油,以替代日益紧缺的石油能源~(1-2]).近年来,由国家科学技术部和联合国开发计划署共同开展的绿色扶贫项目中,麻疯树已经在中国石漠化最为严重的贵州、四川及云南等省区试种成功.麻疯树全株有毒,其种子、树皮、叶、根和乳汁中含有多种化学成分,可作为医药和生物农药资源;其种子加工后残留的油饼中蛋白质含量较高,可作为优质肥料,经脱毒后也可作为饲料~(3]).

On physical and chemical property of seed fatty oil, element content analysis and preliminary study of application value of seed kernel meal of Jatropha curcas

The physical and chemical property of fatty oil from seed kernel and element content in seed shell and kernel meal of Jatropha curcas L. After extracted oil were analyzed, and the insecticidal activity and feeding value of seed kernel meal were studied preliminarily. The fatty oil of seed kernel has physical and chemical properties with water content 0.012%, relative density (20 ℃) 0.911 g·mL~(-1), refraction rate (20 ℃) 1.467, saponification value 193.31 and acid value 34.65. Contents of Ca, P, K, Zn and Mn in seed shell meal are 7.0, 1.1, 11.6, 0.055 and 0.021 mg·g~(-1), and those in seed kernel meal are 8.0, 23.2, 22.8, 0.130 and 0.057 mg·g~(-1), respectively. The one or two times dilute solutions of methanol extract from seed kernel meal possess stronger insecticidal activity against Gadirtha inexacta Walker, Prodenia litura Fabricius and Plutella xylostella L. , with an average mortality rate of 92.6%. The mortality rate of Carassius auratus which is fed with pellet fish feed mixed 20% protein power made from seed kernel meal reaches 83.3%, and the mortality rate of C. Auratus fed with pellet fish feed mixed 20% protein power made from same meal but after methanol extraction is only 5.0%. It is suggested that the seed kernel meal of J. Curcas contains some elements (such as Ca, P and K) and possesses stronger insecticidal activity, and it is worth deeply exploiting and utilizing to make into pellet fish feed after detoxification instead of protein power.