夏枯草药材和种植土壤中农药及重金属残留分析

采用气相色谱及ICP-AES法测定了安徽庐江和江苏洪泽2个种植基地的土壤和夏枯草(Prunella vulgaris L.)果穗及全草中有机氯农药及重金属含量,并根据污染指数和相关标准对土壤及药材的安全性进行了评价.测定结果表明:来源于2个基地的土壤及药材中有机氯农药及重金属含量有明显差异.庐江产果穗和全草中Pb、Cd、Cu、Cr、As及BHC含量分别为3.361和3.953、0.172和0.190、8.258和7.722、3.423和2.658、0.284和0.355、0.003和0.004 mg·kg-1,Hg和DDT未检出；洪泽产果穗和全草中Pb、Cd、Cu、Cr、Hg及BHC含量分别为2.399和1.558、0.155和0.111、7.682和6.756、4.259和3.801、0.077和0.102、0.003和0.006 mg·kg-1,As未检出,果穗中也未检出DDT.庐江基地土壤中Cd、Cu、Cr、As、Hg、BHC和DDT含量分别为0.001、12.943、47.417、1.008、0.003、0.003和0.002 mg·kg-1,Pb未检出；洪泽基地土壤中Pb、Cd、Cu、Cr、As、Hg和BHC含量分别为3.443、0.002、18.655、63.385、3.701、0.141和0.004 mg·kg-1,DDT未检出.比较结果表明:夏枯草果穗中重金属残留量均高于全草,但均低于国家限量标准；土壤中有机氯农药及重金属单项污染指数均小于1,且庐江和洪泽基地土壤的综合污染指数分别为0.286和0.399,因此,土壤污染等级属安全级且污染水平为清洁级.

Analysis on residues of organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals in planted soil and medicinal materials of Prunella vulgaris

Contents of organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals in planted soil and spica and whole plant of Prunella vulgaris L.from two planting bases of Lujiang in Anhui Province and Hongze in Jiangsu Province were determined by GC and ICP-AES,and safety of soil and medicinal materials of P.vulgaris was evaluated according to pollution indexes and relative standards.The determination results show that the contents of organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals in planted soil and medicinal materials have obvious differences between two planting bases.Contents of Pb,Cd,Cu,Cr,As and BHC in spica and whole plant from Lujiang are 3.361 and 3.953,0.172 and 0.190,8.258 and 7.722,3.423 and 2.658,0.284 and 0.355,0.003 and 0.004 mg·kg-1,respectively,and Hg and DDT are not detected.Contents of Pb,Cd,Cu,Cr,Hg and BHC in spica and whole plant from Hongze are 2.399 and 1.558,0.155 and 0.111,7.682 and 6.756,4.259 and 3.801,0.077 and 0.102,0.003 and 0.006 mg·kg-1,respectively,and As is not detected and DDT in spica is also not detected.Contents of Cd,Cu,Cr,As,Hg,BHC and DDT in soil of Lujiang are 0.001,12.943,47.417,1.008,0.003,0.003 and 0.002 mg·kg-1,respectively,and Pb is not detected.Contents of Pb,Cd,Cu,Cr,As,Hg and BHC in soil of Hongze are 3.443,0.002,18.655,63.385,3.701,0.141 and 0.004 mg·kg-1, respectively,and DDT is not detected.Comparison result shows that heavy metal residue in spica of P.vulgaris is higher than that in whole plant,but residues in both are lower than the national standards.Single pollution index of heavy metals and organochlorine pesticides in soil is less than 1,and comprehensive pollution index in soil from Lujiang and Hongze is 0.286 and 0.399,respectively.Therefore,soil of two planting bases is in the safe grade and reaches clean level.