不同立地类型和土壤类型对"裕丹参"生长和有效成分含量的影响

采用大田种植和盆栽方法,分别研究了不同的立地类型(平地、阳坡、阴坡和坡地)和土壤类型(砂土、壤土和黏土)对产自河南省方城县的"裕丹参"(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge)生长和有效成分含量的影响效应.结果表明:在不同立地条件下,"裕丹参"的各项生长和根系产量指标以及根系中丹参酮ⅡA和丹酚酸B含量均有明显差异.随种植时间的延长,平地、阳坡和坡地种植的"裕丹参"单株地上部干质量均逐渐降低,而阴坡种植的单株地上部干质量先升高后逐渐降低;但在不同立地类型下,单株根系干质量和丹酚酸B含量均随种植时间的延长逐渐升高,而丹参酮ⅡA含量则先降低后升高.采收期,平地种植的"裕丹参"的单株地上部干质量、单株根系干质量和鲜质量以及根系鲜产量均最高,平地和坡地种植的"裕丹参"根直径较大,阳坡种植的"裕丹参"根长最长,阳坡和坡地种植的"裕丹参"单株根数、根系中丹参酮ⅡA和丹酚酸B含量也较高,而阴坡种植的"裕丹参"的各项生长和根系产量指标以及丹参酮ⅡA和丹酚酸B含量均最低.在不同类型土壤中,"裕丹参"的根系性状和根系中丹参酮ⅡA和丹酚酸B含量总体上差异显著,其中,用砂土种植的"裕丹参"的根直径、根长、单株根系鲜质量和干质量以及根系中丹参酮ⅡA和丹酚酸B含量均最高,但单株根数最少;用黏土种植的"裕丹参"根系生长总体最差,但单株根数最多;用壤土种植的"裕丹参"根系中丹参酮ⅡA和丹酚酸B含量则最低.综合研究结果显示:"裕丹参"适宜种植于砂土的坡地或阳坡.

Effects of different site and soil types on growth and active ingredient content in "Yudanshen"( Salvia miltiorrhiza )

Effects of different site types ( flat land, sunny slope, shady slope and slope land) and soil types ( sand, loam and clay ) on growth and active ingredient content in "Yudanshen" ( Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) from Fangcheng County of He' nan Province were studied by field planting and pot cultivating methods. The results show that there are obvious differences in each index of growth and root yield, and in contents of tanshinoneⅡA and salvianolic acid B in root of"Yudanshen". With prolonging of planting time, dry weight of above?ground part per plant of "Yudanshen" planted in flat land, sunny slope and slope land all decrease gradually, while that of"Yudanshen" planted in shady slope increases at first and then decreases gradually; while in different site types, dry weight of root per plant and salvianolic acid B content both increase with prolonging of planting time, while tanshinone ⅡA content decreases at first and then increases. At harvesting time, dry weight of above?ground part per plant, dry weight and fresh weight of root per plant, and fresh yield of root of"Yudanshen" planted in flat land are the highest, root diameter of"Yudanshen" planted in flat land and slope land is relatively large, and root length of "Yudanshen" planted in sunny slope is the longest, root number per plant and contents of tanshinone ⅡA and salvianolic acid B in root of"Yudanshen" planted in sunny slope and slope land are also relatively high, while each index of growth and root yield and contents of tanshinone ⅡA and salvianolic acid B in"Yudanshen" planted in shady slope are the lowest. In general, there are significant differences in root traits and contents of tanshinoneⅡA and salvianolic acid B in root of"Yudanshen" in different soil types, in which, root diameter, root length, fresh weight and dry weight of root per plant, and contents of tanshinone ⅡA and salvianolic acid B in root of"Yudanshen" planted with sand are the highest , but root number per plant is the least;root growth of"Yudanshen" planted with clay is the worst in general, but root number per plant is the most; contents of tanshinone ⅡA and salvianolic acid B in root of"Yudanshen" planted with loam are the lowest. The comprehensive analysis result shows that slope land or sunny land with sand is suitable to plant "Yudanshen".