近70年黄土高原3种植物叶片气孔特征参数比较

以黄土高原地区3种典型植物辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis Koidz.)、虎榛子(Ostryopsis davidiana Decne.)和酸枣Ziziphusjujuba Mill.var.spinosa(Bunge)Hu ex H.F.Chow]标本为材料,利用数码图像显微处理系统,研究了从20世纪30年代至2002年近70 a中植物叶片气孔长度、宽度、面积与密度的变化状况及其相关性.结果表明,气候变化对3种植物气孔性状并无一致的影响.辽东栎叶片气孔长度、宽度、面积和密度变化总体上均呈上升趋势,升高率分别为11.62%、3.17%、18.01%和1.32%.酸枣叶片气孔长度、宽度和面积呈上升趋势,升高率分别为21.90%、13.60%和35.61%;而气孔密度下降,降低率为-27.86%.虎榛子叶片气孔长度、面积和密度均呈下降趋势,降低率分别为-7.91%、-1.43%和-9.73%;而气孔宽度升高率为2.56%.酸枣叶片气孔4个特征参数的变化率均明显大于辽东栎和虎榛子,虎榛子叶片气孔性状的3个参数(除密度外)变化率最小.3种植物叶片气孔长度的变幅均大于气孔宽度,证实气孔宽度是相对比较稳定的性状.

Comparison of the leaf stomatal characteristic parameters of three plants in Loess Plateau over the last 70 years

The leaf stomatal length, width, area and density in Quercus liaotungensis Koidz., Ostryopsis davidiana Decne. and Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow were measured with a Motic Digital Imaging Microscope and the changes in stomatal characters over last 70 years from 1930s to 2002 were analyzed. The results showed that the affects of climate changes on stomatal characters of three species were different. The leaf stomatal length, width, area and density in Q. liaotungensis all increased with the rising rate of 11.62%, 3.17%, 18.01% and 1.32% respectively. The leaf stomatal length, width and area in Z. jujuba var. spinosa also increased with rising rate of21.90%, 13.60% and 35.61% respectively, but stomatal density decreased by -27.86%. Except the leaf stomatal width increased by 2.56%, the leaf stomatal length, area and density in O. davidiana all decreased with dropping rate of -7.91%, -1.43% and -9.73% respectively. Therefore, the variety values of the leaf stomatal length, width, area and density in Z. jujuba var. spinosa were significantly higher than those in other two species, and stomatal characters except for stomatal density in O. davidiana changed least. The results also indicated that the variation of stomatal length in three species are bigger than those of stomatal width, confirming that the stomatal width is a relative stable character.