柴黄姜的传粉生物学特性

对产自湖北武当山的柴黄姜（Dioscorea nipponica subsp．rosthornii Prain et Burkill）的花部特征和访花昆虫种类及访花行为、访花频率和携粉量进行了研究，并对柴黄姜的传粉方式、结实和种子萌发状况进行了检测。结果表明，柴黄姜具有虫媒花的典型花部特征，共观测到访花昆虫4目34种，其中传粉昆虫6种，隧蜂属（Halictus sp．）和地蜂属（Andrena sp．）的2种昆虫是柴黄姜的主要传粉昆虫。访花昆虫对雄株的访花高峰时段为11：00至14：00，对雌花没有明显的访花高峰时段。在自然条件下，柴黄姜的座果率为18．86％，结实率为7．12％，种子萌发率为64．76％。在武当山，柴黄姜种群扩展仍以有性繁殖为主，无性繁殖为重要补充。

Pollination biological character of Dioscorea nipponica subsp. Rosthornii

The floral characteristics of Dioscorea nipponica subsp, rosthornii Prain et Burkill, species of insect visitors and their visiting behavior, visiting frequency and carried quantity of pollen grains were investigated in Wudang Mountain of Hubei Province. The pollination type and the status of fruit and seed germination were also tested. The results show that the floral characteristics of D. nipponica subsp. rosthornii belong to typical entomophilous flower. Thirty-four species of visiting insect which belong to four orders are observed, and only six species are the pollination insects, in which one species of Halictus and one species of Andrena are the main pollination insects. The visiting peak time period to male flowers is from 11：00 to 14：00, while that to female flowers is not obvious. In natural condition, the fruit rate, seed setting rate and seed germination rate of D. nipponica subsp, rosthornii are 18.86% , 7.12% and 64.76% respectively. It is concluded that the main way of population spreading of D. nipponica subsp. rosthornii in Wudang Mountain is the sexual reproduction and the asexual reproduction is an important supplement mean.