泥胡菜等8种草本植物提取物除草活性的生物测定

采用顺序提取法制备了泥胡菜（Hemistepta lyrata Bunge）等8种草本植物全草的石油醚、乙酸乙酯和乙醇提取物，并以高粱（Sorghum vulgare Pers．）、黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L．）、小麦（Triticum aestivum L．）和油菜（Brassica campestris L．）为供试对象，用种子萌发法对提取物的除草活性进行了生物测定。结果表明，所有提取物对4种作物幼苗根和茎的生长均有一定的抑制作用，但抑制率有一定差异。泥胡菜和獯草Humulus scandens（Lour．）Merr．]的乙酸乙酯提取物对作物幼苗根和茎的抑制作用最强，抑制率随提取物浓度的提高逐渐增高，且对作物幼苗根生长的抑制强度高于茎。在低浓度（12．5g·L^-1）条件下，泥胡菜乙酸乙酯提取物对小麦幼苗根和茎生长的抑制作用最强；蓓草乙酸乙酯提取物对高粱幼苗根的生长及油菜幼苗根和茎的生长抑制作用最强。研究结果显示，泥胡菜及蓰草的乙酸乙酯提取物具有潜在的除草活性。

Bioassay on the herbicidal activity of extracts from eight herbs including Hemistepta lyrata

The petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts from eight herbs were extracted by sequential extraction, and the herbicidal activity of these extracts were bioassayed using the seed germination test of Sorghum vulgare Pers., Cucumis sativus L., Triticum aestivum L. and Brassica campestris L. The results show that these extracts can inhibit the growth of root and stem of seedlings of the four crops, but the inhibition rate is different. The inhibition of ethyl acetate extracts from Hemistepta lyrata Bunge and Humulus scandens （Lour.） Merr. is the strongest, and the inhibition rate increases gradually with concentration rising. The inhibitory effect of ethyl acetate extracts from Hemistepta lyrata and Humulus scandens is stronger to root growth than to stem. Under a lower concentration （12.5 g · L^-1 ）, the inhibition of ethyl acetate extract from Hemistepta lyrata to growth of root and stem of T. aestivum seedling is the strongest, and the inhibitions of ethyl acetate extract from Humulus scandens to root growth of S. vulgare seedling and growth of root and stem of B. campestris seedling also reach the peak. It is indicated that the ethyl acetate extracts from Hemistepta lyrata and Humulus scandens have a potential herbicidal activity.