福建省海岸植物资源调查及园林应用综合评价

在查阅文献资料和标本的基础上,对位于福建省漳州市、厦门市、泉州市、福州市及宁德市的7个海岸样带的海岸植物组成、生活型及生态适应性进行了调查和分析;采用层次分析法构建了海岸植物园林应用综合评价体系,并据此筛选出适于福建海岸园林建设的原生植物种类。结果表明:7个海岸样带共包含74科229属323种海岸植物,其中原生种有278种、外来种有45种;含种数较多的科包括禾本科(Gramineae)、菊科(Compositae)、莎草科(Cyperaceae)、豆科(Leguminosae)和大戟科(Euphorbiaceae),共包含92属151种,分别占总属数和总种数的40.17%和46.75%。福建省海岸植物生活型大体分为乔木、灌木、草本、藤本及其他5类,其中草本占优势;草本、灌木、藤本和乔木的种数分别为204、64、31和14种,草本和灌木的种数分别占总种数的63.16%和19.81%。按照生态类群可将福建海岸植物分为陆岸沙生生态类群、盐生湿地生态类群、基岩海岸及海岸林生态类群、广生境生态类群4类。福建省海岸植物园林应用综合评价体系共包含5个一级因子和19个二级因子。一级因子中权重值排在前2位的因子为生理适应性和美学特性,权重值分别为0.276 2和0.218 9;二级因子中盐碱适应能力的权重值最高(0.082 7),栽培成本、养护成本、资源数量和植株形态观赏性的权重值也较高(均在0.070 0以上)。采用这一评价体系从福建海岸原生植物中共筛选出适于海岸园林建设的植物40种,这些植物的得分均在3.00以上且观赏性强、生态功能较佳。此外,还针对滨海滩涂地带、沙滩开阔地带和基岩质海岸带提出了几种人工植物群落景观营造的植物配置模式。

Resources investigation and comprehensive evaluation for landscape application of coastal plants in Fujian Province

On the bases of consulting document literatures and specimens, the species composition, life form and ecological adaptation of coastal plants in 7 coastal transects located in cities of Zhangzhou, Xiamen, Quanzhou, Fuzhou and Ningde of Fujian Province were investigated and analyzed. The comprehensive evaluation system for landscape application of coastal plants was constructed by analytic hierarchy process method, and accordingly, the initial species suitable for construction of coastal landscape in Fujian were screened out. The results show that there are 323 species of coastal plants in 7 coastal transects, which belong to 229 genera in 74 families. In which, the initial plants are 278 species and introduced plants are 45 species. The families containing many species are Gramineae, Compositae, Cyperaceae, Leguminosae and Euphorbiaceae, respectively, which contain 92 genera and 151 species accounting for 40. 17% and 46. 75% of total number of genus and species, respectively. The life form of coastal plants in Fujian Province is generally divided into 5 types including arbor, shrub, herb, liana and others, in which herb is dominant. The species numbers of herb, shrub, liana and arbor are 204, 64, 31 and 14 , respectively and those of herb and shrub account for 63 . 16% and 19 . 81% of total number of species, respectively. According to ecological group, coastal plants in Fujian are divided into 4 ecological groups including shore sand ecological group, saline wetland ecological group, bedrock coast and coastal forest ecological group, and wide habitat ecological group. The comprehensive evaluation system for landscape application of coastal plants in Fujian Province contains 5 factors at the first level and 19 factors at the second level. In the first level factors, the factors with top two weighted values are physiological adaptation and aesthetic characteristics with a value of 0. 276 2 and 0. 218 9, respectively. In the second level factors, weighted value of saline-alkaline adaptability is the highest with a value of 0. 082 7, and weighted values of cultivation cost, maintenance cost, resources number and plant morphology ornamental are also higher （more than 0. 070 0）. By this evaluation system, 40 species suitable for construction of coastal landscape are screened out from initial species of coastal plants in Fujian, the comprehensive scores of these species all are above 3. 00 with stronger ornamental and better ecology function. Furthermore, aiming at coastal beach zone, beach open zone and bedrock coast zone, several plant configuration modes of artificial plant community landscape construction are proposed.