不同生育期花生叶片蛋白质含量及氮代谢相关酶活性分析

以5个珍珠豆型花生(Arachis hypogaea Linn.)品种(系)‘汕E’(‘Shan E’)、‘汕G’(‘Shan G’)、‘TH’、‘TJ’和‘泉花7号’(‘Quanhua No.7’)为研究对象,分析了花针期、结荚期和饱果期花生叶片中可溶性蛋白质含量及硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)和谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性的变化趋势,并比较了5个品种(系)荚果和秆产量的差异。结果表明:在3个生育期内,5个花生品种(系)叶片可溶性蛋白质含量和GDH活性的变化趋势基本一致,而NR和GS活性的变化趋势则有差异。其中,可溶性蛋白质含量均呈"低—高—低"的变化趋势,在结荚期最高;GDH活性均逐渐升高,至饱果期达最高;‘泉花7号’叶片NR活性呈"高—低—高"的变化趋势,而其他4个品种(系)叶片NR活性均逐渐降低;‘汕E’、‘TJ’和‘泉花7号’叶片GS活性呈逐渐降低趋势,而‘汕G’和‘TH’叶片GS活性呈"低—高—低"的变化趋势。总体上看,5个品种(系)中,‘汕G’和‘泉花7号’叶片的可溶性蛋白质含量及NR和GDH活性、‘汕E’叶片的NR和GS活性以及‘TH’叶片的GDH活性均较高。5个品种(系)的2个产量指标(单株荚果鲜质量和单株秆鲜质量)均有明显差异,总体上看,‘汕G’、‘泉花7号’和‘TH’的2个产量指标均较高,而‘汕E’和‘TJ’的2个产量指标均较低。综合分析结果显示:‘汕G’和‘泉花7号’叶片可溶性蛋白质含量及NR和GDH活性均相对较高,其荚果和秆产量也均较高,表明花生荚果和秆产量与不同生育期叶片氮代谢水平有一定关系。

Analyses on protein content and enzyme activity involved in nitrogen metabolism of peanut （Arachis hypogaea ） leaf at different growth stages

Taking five Spanish-type cultivars （ lines ） ＇ Shan E ＇ Shah G ＇, ＇TH＇, ＇TJ＇ and ＇ Quanhua No. 7＇ of peanut （Arachis hypogaea Linn.） as researching objects, changing trends of soluble protein content and activities of nitrate reductase （NR）, glutamine synthetase （GS） and glutamate dehydrogenase （GDH） in leaf at pod-pin, pod setting and pod filling stages were studied, and difference in pod and vine yields among five cuhivars （lines） was also compared. Results show that at three growth stages, changing trends of soluble protein content and GDH activity in leaf of five cultivars （lines） are basically identical, while those of NR and GS activities have a certain difference. In which, soluble protein content appears a changing trend of ＂low-high-low＂ and reaches to the highest at pod setting stage; GDH activity increases gradually and reaches to the highest at pod filling stage; NR activity in leaf of ＇ Quanhua No. 7＇ appears a changing trend of ＂high-low-high＂ while that in leaf of other four cuhivars （lines） decreases gradually ; GS activity in leaf of ＇Shan E＇ , ＇ TJ＇ and ＇ Quanhua No. 7 ＇ decreases gradually while that in leaf of ＇Shan G＇ and ＇ TH＇ appears a changing trend of ＂low-high- low＂. Generally, among five cultivars （lines）, soluble protein content and NR and GDH activities in leaf of ＇Shan G＇ and ＇ Quanhua No. 7＇ , NR and GS activities in leaf of ＇Shan E＇ and GDH activity in leaf of ＇TH＇ all are higher. There are obvious differences in two yield indexes （pod fresh weight per plant and vine fresh weight per plant） among five cultivars （lines）, and generally, two yield indexes of ＇ Shah G＇ , ＇ Quanhua No. 7＇ and ＇ TH＇ all are higher and those of ＇ Shan E＇ and ＇ TJ＇ all are lower. Comprehensive analysis result shows that soluble protein content and NR and GDH activities in leaf of ＇ Shah G＇ and ＇ Quanhua No. 7＇ are relatively higher, and their pod and vine yields are also higher, meaning that there is a certain relationship between pod and vine yields of peanut with nitrogen metabolism level of leaf at different growth stages.