CXCR4 and PTEN are involved in the anti-metastatic regulation of anethole in DU145 prostate cancer cells |
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Authors: | Yun-Hee Rhee Phil-Sang Chung Sung-Hoon Kim Jin Chul Ahn |
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Institution: | 1. Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea;3. College of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea;5. Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea |
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Abstract: | Anethole has been known to have chemopreventive activities as a suppressor of the incidence and multiplicity of both invasive and noninvasive carcinomas. The goal of this study was to understand the anti-metastatic effect of anethole through C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)/tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) axis in DU145 prostate cancer cells. Anethole reduced both of the RNA level and the protein level of CXCR4 in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. Anethole also reduced the expression of CXCR4 and prolonged the expression of PTEN in DU145 prostate cancers. The phosphorylation of AKT and phosphatidylinositol-3kinase (PI3K) were decreased with anethole. The inhibition metastatic effect of anethole was arisen from down-regulating CXCR4 and up-regulating PTEN. Morphologically, anethole significantly inhibited the invasion of DU145 cell and down-regulated the activities of matrix-metalloproteinase (MMPs) in a dose-dependent manner. However, anethole didnot decrease the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT while PTEN was silenced. Furthermore, the CXCR4 inhibition of anethole was not caused to proteasomal or lysosomal of CXCR4. |
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Keywords: | Anethole Prostate cancer Metastasis CXCR4 PTEN |
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