Real-time neuronal homeostasis by coordinating VGSC intrinsic properties

Homeostasis of internal environment and cellular metabolism ensures cells’ functions to be stable in living organisms. Cellular homeostasis is believed to be maintained via feedback or feedforward manners. We report a novel mechanism that maintains neuronal homeostasis through coordinating the intrinsic properties of single molecules concurrently. Spike encoding and sodium channel dynamics at cortical neurons were studied by patch-clamp recording. Voltage-gated sodium channels set refractory period and threshold potential toward different directions to stabilize the energetic barrier for firing sequential action potentials. This neuronal homeostasis is not affected by intracellular Ca²⁺ signals and membrane potentials. Real-time homeostasis maintains precise and reliable neuronal encoding without any destabilization.