Resistin and RELM-alpha gene expression in white adipose tissue of lactating mice |
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Authors: | Bing Chen Gomez-Ambrosi Javier Zabalegui Natalia Williams Gareth Trayhurn Paul |
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Institution: | Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan. |
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Abstract: | An ORF2 gene located upstream of the cellulose synthase (bcs) operon of Acetobacter xylinum BPR2001 was disrupted and a mutant (M2-2) was constructed. In static cultivation, the parent strain produced a tough, colorless, and insoluble cellulose pellicle, whereas M2-2 culture produced a thin, yellow, and fragile pellicle. The results of X-ray diffraction and 13C solid-state NMR indicated that the product of M2-2 is a mixture of cellulose I, cellulose II, and amorphous cellulose. The cellulose I to cellulose II ratio of the mixture was evaluated from the signal areas of C6 to be about 1:2. Electron microscopy revealed that the product of M2-2 included ribbon-like cellulose and irregularly shaped particles attached to the ribbons. On the other hand, the mutant complemented with plasmid pSA-ORF2/k containing the ORF2 gene and BPR2001 produced only cellulose I. These results indicate that the ORF2 gene is involved in the production and crystallization of cellulose I microfibrils by this microorganism. |
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Keywords: | Acetobacter xylinum ORF2 Crystallinity Bacterial cellulose Cellulose I Cellulose II |
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