Genetic,physiological and molecular interactions of rice and its major dipteran pest,gall midge |
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Authors: | Sardesai Nagesh Rajyashri KR Behura SK Nair Suresh Mohan Madan |
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Institution: | (1) International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New, Delhi, 110 067, India |
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Abstract: | The gall midge, Orseolia oryzae, is a major dipteran pest of rice affecting most rice growing regions in Asia, Southeast Asia and Africa. Chemical and other
cultural methods for control of this pest are neither very effective nor environmentally safe. The gall midge problem is further
compounded by the fact that there are many biotypes of this insect and new biotypes are continuously evolving. However, resistance
to this pest is found in the rice germ plasm. Resistance is generally governed by single dominant genes and a number of non-allelic
resistance genes that confer resistance to different biotypes have been identified. Genetic studies have revealed that there
is a gene-for-gene interaction between the different biotypes of gall midge and the various resistance genes found in rice.
This review discusses different aspects of the process of infestation by the rice gall midge and its interaction with its
host. Identification of the gall midge biotypes by conventional methods is a long and tedious process. The review discusses
the PCR-based molecular markers that have been developed recently to speed up the identification process. Similarly, molecular
markers have been developed for two gall midge resistance genes in rice – Gm2 and Gm4t – and these markers are now being used for marker-assisted selection. The mapping, tagging and map-based gene cloning of
one of these genes – Gm2 – has also been discussed.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. |
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Keywords: | biotypes DNA fingerprinting gall formation gene pyramiding insect resistance map-based gene cloning mapping and tagging marker-assisted selection Orseolia oryzae Oryza sativa resistance gene |
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