Improvement of somatic embryogenesis in zonal geranium |
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Authors: | D P M Wilson J A Sullivan A A Marsolais M J Tsujita and T Senaratna |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Horticultural Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada |
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Abstract: | A number of media constituents including sucrose, ammonium nitrate and plant growth regulators were evaluated in an attempt
to improve somatic embryo production in zonal geranium (Pelargonium ×hortorum) cv. Scarlet Orbit Improved. Somatic embryo production was characterized by the quantity and type of somatic embryo induced
by the treatments. Sucrose at 4% supported the highest number of total somatic embryos while improving the proportion of the
morphologically normal cotyledon-stage somatic embryos. Addition of ammonium nitrate also improved embryo production. With
1.89 mM ammonium nitrate, normal cotyledon-stage embryo development was increased by 53%; the proportion of normal cotyledon-stage
embryos decreased and abnormal embryos with leaves or serrated margins in cotyledons (fringed-shoot type) increased with higher
ammonium nitrate concentrations. The effect of plant growth regulators on somatic embryogenesis indicated that exogenous supply
of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at a range of 0.25 to 4 μM failed to promote somatic embryogenesis. In contrast, benzyladenine
(BA) up to 2.0 μM increased the total embryo number and the proportion of desirable cotyledon-stage embryos. There was no
interaction between IAA and BA. Our research has demonstrated that improvement in both quantity and quality of somatic embryos
can be achieved in zonal geranium. |
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Keywords: | growth regulators nitrogen Pelargonium sucrose tissue culture |
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