The nature of anaerobic fungi and their polysaccharide degrading enzymes |
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Authors: | Scott Borneman D E Akin |
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Institution: | (1) Genencor International, Inc., 180 Kimball Way, 94080 South San Francisco, California, U.S.A.;(2) Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 30613 Athens, Georgia, U.S.A. |
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Abstract: | Conclusion The discovery of anaerobic fungi has added a new member to the indigenous microorganisms that inhabit the rumen ecosystem.
Anaerobic fungi do not appear essential for the survival of ruminants due to their presence in very low numbers, and sometimes
absence, in ruminants fed low fiber diets, but their presence may likely be very important in the digestion of fibrous diets.
The anaerobic fungi have adapted well to the rumen environment. They are able to ferment a large array of soluble carbohydrates
and can synthesize cellular components in an anaerobic environment. The fungi posses hydrogenosomes for the removal of reducing
equivalents in the form of molecular hydrogen and the removal of trace oxygen is a accomplished via removal by NADH oxidase.
Their positive synergistic interaction with methanogenic bacteria eludes to their highly evolved role in the rumen environment.
The fungi also produce resistant sporangia that allows for transfer of species to a new host in an oxygen environment. The
anaerobic fungi posses a highly active array of polysaccharide degrading enzymes that may provide an advantage in the highly
competitive rumen ecosystem. The production of specific enzymes that hydrolyze the lignocellulosic fraction of plant walls
is unique in rumen microorganisms and allows for their attachment and growth on fibrous plant particles that are not available
to the rumen bacteria. |
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